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Touchstone 3

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Touchstone 3 · Dorslingo Language Academy · All Units

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Unit 1 — Behavior & Personality

Personal Qualities · Touchstone 3

Good morning, everyone.

When we talk about someone's personality, we often focus on whether they are outgoing, quiet, friendly, or serious. But I think a person's behavior tells us much more about who they really are.

For example, someone can be very confident and outgoing, but that doesn't necessarily mean they are a good person. A confident person who is arrogant may make other people feel uncomfortable. On the other hand, someone who is quiet can still be extremely thoughtful and considerate.

I really admire people who are reliable. If they say they will do something, they actually do it. I also appreciate people who are patient, especially when things don't go according to plan. Nobody is perfect, of course, and we all have moments when we become impatient or selfish.

Another quality I value is being open-minded. An open-minded person is willing to listen to opinions that are different from their own. They don't immediately judge people simply because they behave differently.

I also think our behavior changes depending on the situation. Someone may be generous with their friends but less generous with strangers. Someone may normally be calm but become aggressive when they are under a lot of pressure.

So, in my opinion, personality is not just about how we describe someone. We should also pay attention to how they treat other people, how they react to difficult situations, and whether their behavior is consistent over time.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

A. Match the Words with the Definitions

confident
arrogant
thoughtful
considerate
reliable
patient
selfish
open-minded
generous
aggressive
outgoing
judge

a. willing to consider different ideas and opinions

b. believing you are better or more important than others

c. able to wait calmly without becoming annoyed

d. willing to give money, time, help, etc. to others

e. thinking about other people's needs and feelings

f. sure of yourself and your abilities

g. thinking mainly about your own needs and interests

h. someone who can be trusted to do what they promise

i. friendly and comfortable talking to other people

j. behaving in a forceful or hostile way

k. to form an opinion about someone, often too quickly

l. showing care by remembering what other people might need or want

B. Positive or Negative?

confident · arrogant · thoughtful · considerate · reliable · patient · selfish · open-minded · generous · aggressive · outgoing

Positive quality
Negative quality

C. Complete the Sentences

reliable · arrogant · patient · considerate · generous · open-minded · selfish · aggressive · confident · thoughtful

1. You can always depend on Sara. She's extremely .
2. He never listens to anyone else's opinion. He's very .
3. My sister always remembers my birthday and buys me something meaningful. She's very .
4. You need to be when teaching young children.
5. He's so that he thinks he's better than everyone else.
6. It was very of you to offer to help me move.
7. She's very and isn't afraid to speak in front of a large audience.
8. You should be more and consider how your actions affect other people.
9. He's quite with his money. He rarely spends anything on other people.
10. The customer became when the employee refused to give him a refund.

Part 3 — 📖 Reading

We often form opinions about people very quickly. When we meet someone for the first time, we may decide that they are friendly, confident, shy, or even arrogant after only a few minutes. But first impressions are not always accurate.

Imagine meeting someone at a party. They don't talk very much, avoid eye contact, and spend most of the evening listening to other people. You might describe them as shy or unfriendly. However, there may be another explanation. Perhaps they are simply tired, nervous, or uncomfortable in large groups. Their behavior in that particular situation doesn't necessarily represent their usual personality.

The same thing happens with positive qualities. A person who is extremely generous on one occasion isn't necessarily generous all the time. Similarly, someone who behaves selfishly once doesn't automatically have a selfish personality. People sometimes behave differently because of stress, pressure, or their personal circumstances.

This is why reliability is such an important personal quality. If someone consistently keeps their promises, helps others, and takes responsibility for their actions, we have stronger evidence that they are reliable. Personality becomes easier to understand when we observe someone's behavior over a longer period.

Another important quality is being open-minded. Open-minded people don't assume that their own way of thinking is the only correct one. They listen to different opinions and are willing to change their minds when they receive convincing evidence.

Of course, being open-minded doesn't mean agreeing with everyone. A person can strongly disagree with an opinion while still being respectful and considerate toward the person expressing it.

In the end, perhaps the best way to understand someone's personality is to look at patterns rather than individual actions. One rude comment doesn't necessarily make someone rude, and one kind action doesn't necessarily make someone kind. Character is often revealed by what people repeatedly do, especially when nobody is watching.

Part 4 — Reading Comprehension

Task 1 — Main Idea

A. People should avoid talking to strangers at parties.

B. People's personalities can be understood by observing consistent patterns of behavior over time.

C. First impressions are always useful when meeting new people.

D. Generous people are usually more reliable than other people.

Answer:

Task 2 — True, False, or Not Given?

1. People often form opinions about others very quickly.
2. Someone who is quiet at a party is definitely shy.
3. Stress can affect the way people behave.
4. A single selfish action proves that someone is selfish.
5. Reliability becomes easier to judge when we observe someone's behavior over time.
6. Open-minded people agree with everyone.
7. Being respectful is possible even when you disagree with someone.
8. The writer believes first impressions are always accurate.

Task 3 — Answer the Questions

1. Why can first impressions sometimes be inaccurate?
2. Give two possible reasons why someone might be quiet at a party.
3. Why isn't one generous action enough to prove that someone is generous?
4. Why does the writer consider reliability important?
5. What does being open-minded mean?
6. Does being open-minded mean agreeing with everyone?
7. According to the writer, what is the best way to understand someone's personality?

Task 4 — Inference

Choose the two correct answers.

Part 5 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 5 — What Does It Mean Here?

1. She is reliable and always keeps her promises.
A. independent B. trustworthy C. competitive D. talkative
Answer:
2. He became aggressive when the discussion became heated.
A. hostile B. confused C. nervous D. humorous
Answer:
3. She is very open-minded about other cultures.
A. curious and accepting of different ideas B. unwilling to change C. extremely confident D. easily offended
Answer:
4. He was being considerate when he lowered his voice.
A. careful about other people's needs B. afraid of other people C. unwilling to communicate D. interested in himself
Answer:
5. Don't judge someone based on one mistake.
A. criticize or form an opinion about B. help C. encourage D. understand
Answer:

Task 6 — Find the Opposite

confident →
generous →
patient →
open-minded →
considerate →
outgoing →
reliable →

Part 6 — Collocation Drill

Task 7 — Match the Collocations

highly
extremely
a person
a personality
behave
form an
keep a
take for your actions

a. responsible

b. opinion

c. responsible

d. reliable

e. impression

f. confidently

g. outgoing

h. responsibility

Task 8 — Complete the Natural Expressions

keep · form · take · treat · behave · depend · express · show

1. an opinion about someone
2. responsibility
3. someone with respect
4. your emotions
5. a promise
6. responsibly
7. on someone
8. consideration for others

Part 7 — Sentence Transformation

Task 9 — Rewrite Using the Target Vocabulary

1. You can always trust Sara to do what she promises.
→ Sara is very .
2. He thinks he is better than everyone else.
→ He's extremely .
3. She always thinks about how other people will feel.
→ She's very .
4. He doesn't get angry when he has to wait.
→ He's very .
5. She considers opinions that are different from hers.
→ She's very .
6. He only thinks about what he wants.
→ He's quite .
7. She is sure of her abilities.
→ She's very .
8. He enjoys meeting and talking to new people.
→ He's very .

Part 8 — Speaking Production

Task 10 — Describe Someone You Know

Choose someone you know well. Describe their personality and behavior using at least 8 target words.

Include: What are they like? How do they behave with other people? What are their strongest personal qualities? Is there a quality they need to improve? Can you give an example that demonstrates their personality?

Model answer: My sister is very considerate. For example, whenever someone in the family is tired, she usually notices it before anyone else and offers to help.

Unit 2 — Travel Blogs ✈️

Touchstone 3

When I travel, I don't like to follow a strict itinerary. I usually choose a destination, book my accommodation, and then decide what to do when I arrive. I think this gives me more flexibility and allows me to discover places that aren't mentioned in traditional guidebooks.

Before I leave, I usually do some research online. I read travel blogs, check reviews, and look at maps. I especially like reading about local attractions, restaurants, and neighborhoods. Travel bloggers often provide useful tips that you wouldn't find in a regular tourist guide.

I also try to avoid the most touristy areas. Of course, famous landmarks are worth seeing, but sometimes they are extremely crowded and expensive. I would rather explore a less crowded neighborhood, eat at a local restaurant, or visit a small market.

One thing I've learned is that you should always be prepared for unexpected situations. Flights can be delayed, luggage can get lost, and the weather can change suddenly. That's why I always have a backup plan.

For me, the best travel experiences happen when you leave some room for spontaneity. You might meet an interesting person, discover a beautiful street, or find a restaurant that wasn't in your original plan. Those unexpected moments are often the memories you remember most.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Words with Their Meanings

itinerary
destination
accommodation
flexibility
research
attraction
touristy
crowded
delayed
spontaneity
landmark
local

a. a famous place or building that is easy to recognize

b. a place where you stay while traveling

c. research or investigation done before making a decision

d. a place people travel to

e. full of people

f. the ability to change your plans easily

g. an activity or place that attracts visitors

h. connected with the people who live in a particular area

i. happening without a plan or preparation

j. popular with tourists, sometimes in an unpleasant way

k. a plan showing where and when you will travel

l. happening later than planned

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

destination · accommodation · itinerary · landmark · crowded · delayed · local · touristy · flexibility · attraction

1. Paris is a popular for international travelers.
2. We couldn't find affordable near the city center.
3. The Eiffel Tower is one of Paris's most famous .
4. Our flight was by three hours.
5. The beach was so that we couldn't find a place to sit.
6. We visited several famous during our trip.
7. I prefer eating at restaurants rather than international chains.
8. Our included three cities in two weeks.
9. I don't like making detailed travel plans because I prefer to have some .
10. The museum is the city's most popular tourist .

Part 3 — 📖 Reading: The Trip That Wasn't in the Plan

Last summer, I traveled to a small coastal town that I'd never heard of before. It wasn't on my original travel itinerary. In fact, I had planned to spend my entire vacation in a much larger city. However, after reading several travel blogs, I became interested in this smaller destination.

According to the bloggers, the town had beautiful beaches, excellent seafood, and fewer tourists than the major cities nearby. They also recommended staying in a family-run guesthouse rather than a large hotel. I decided to take their advice and booked my accommodation two weeks before my trip.

The journey didn't start particularly well. My flight was delayed for several hours, and when I finally arrived, it was raining heavily. I was tired and disappointed. I had imagined myself walking along the beach in the sunshine, but instead I was sitting in a small café waiting for the rain to stop.

Then something unexpected happened. The woman sitting at the next table noticed my travel guide and started talking to me. She was a local resident and offered to recommend some places that weren't in my guidebook. She told me about a small fishing village about 20 minutes from the town.

The next morning, I followed her recommendation. The village was absolutely beautiful. There were no large hotels, souvenir shops, or huge crowds. Instead, there were small houses, fishing boats, and a quiet beach. I spent the entire day exploring the area.

Later that week, I realized that this was actually my favorite part of the trip. If I had followed my original itinerary exactly, I would never have discovered the village.

Since then, I've changed the way I travel. I still research my destinations and book my accommodation in advance, but I don't plan every hour of my trip. I now leave some space for spontaneity, because sometimes the best travel experiences are the ones you never planned.

Part 4 — Reading Comprehension

Task 3 — Main Idea

A. Travel blogs are more reliable than guidebooks.

B. Unexpected experiences can make a trip more memorable.

C. Travelers should never make plans before traveling.

D. Small towns are always better than large cities.

Answer:

Task 4 — True, False, or Not Given?

1. The writer originally planned to visit a different city.
2. The writer found the small town through travel blogs.
3. The writer stayed in a large international hotel.
4. The writer's flight arrived on time.
5. The writer met a local person in a café.
6. The local person recommended a fishing village.
7. The fishing village was very crowded.
8. The writer now plans every hour of every trip.

Task 5 — Answer the Questions

1. Why did the writer choose the small coastal town?
2. What problems did the writer experience at the beginning of the trip?
3. Who did the writer meet in the café?
4. What did this person recommend?
5. Why did the writer enjoy the fishing village?
6. What did the writer learn from the experience?
7. How has the writer changed the way they travel?

Task 6 — Inference

Choose the two correct answers.

Part 5 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 7 — Choose the Closest Meaning

1. The writer wanted some flexibility in the trip.
A. strict organization B. freedom to change plans C. expensive accommodation D. detailed information
Answer:
2. The town was a beautiful destination.
A. place to travel to B. travel document C. method of transportation D. type of accommodation
Answer:
3. The writer wanted to experience some spontaneity.
A. careful preparation B. unexpected and unplanned experiences C. luxury D. comfort
Answer:
4. The area wasn't very touristy.
A. expensive B. crowded with tourists C. dangerous D. modern
Answer:
5. The woman was a local.
A. tourist B. travel blogger C. person who lives in the area D. hotel employee
Answer:

Part 6 — Collocation Drill

Task 8 — Match the Words

book
plan
follow
visit
explore
avoid
catch
miss
read
travel

a. a flight

b. an itinerary

c. accommodation

d. a travel blog

e. a destination

f. a local neighborhood

g. touristy areas

h. a flight

i. a landmark

j. independently

Task 9 — Complete the Travel Advice

Use the expressions from Task 8.

1. Before traveling, it's a good idea to about your destination.
2. If you want to save money, you can instead of staying in a hotel.
3. Don't always . Leave some time to explore.
4. You should arrive early if you don't want to .
5. Try to when visiting a new city.
6. Travel blogs can help you before your trip.
7. If you want a more authentic experience, .
8. Make sure you don't your flight.

Part 7 — Grammar + Vocabulary Connection

Task 10 — Complete with a Travel Verb

book · explore · recommend · discover · visit · plan · stay · research

1. I usually my accommodation in advance.
2. We spent the afternoon the old town.
3. My friend this restaurant to me.
4. I always a destination before traveling there.
5. We decided to at a small guesthouse.
6. I didn't the trip very carefully.
7. We several museums during our vacation.
8. We a beautiful little village by accident.

Part 8 — Vocabulary Transformation

Task 11 — Rewrite Using the Target Word

1. We decided to go to a small island for our vacation.
→ We chose a small island as our .
2. We stayed at a small family-run hotel.
→ Our was a family-run hotel.
3. The plane arrived two hours late.
→ Our flight was .
4. I wanted to be able to change my plans.
→ I wanted some .
5. We didn't want to go to places full of tourists.
→ We wanted to avoid areas.
6. I didn't plan to visit the village, but I found it by accident.
→ I discovered it through .

Part 9 — Critical Thinking

Task 12 — Which Traveler Are You?

Traveler A

I plan everything before I leave. I book every hotel, make a detailed itinerary, reserve restaurants, and decide exactly what I'll do each day.

Traveler B

I research the destination, but I don't make a detailed itinerary. I book my accommodation and transportation, then decide what to do when I arrive.

1. Which traveler has more flexibility?
2. Which traveler is more likely to experience spontaneity?
3. Which approach would probably be less stressful for someone who likes control?
4. Which approach might lead to more unexpected discoveries?
5. Which approach do you prefer? Why?

Unit 3 — The Best, Worst & Most Beautiful Things in Your City and Country

Natural Features · Touchstone 3

Whenever people ask me about my city, I never know whether to tell them about the best places or the places that need improvement. Every city has its advantages and disadvantages.

One of the things I like most about my city is its location. It's surrounded by beautiful natural features, including mountains, rivers, and large areas of green space. The scenery is especially spectacular in spring, when everything becomes green and colorful.

If you want to enjoy breathtaking views, you can go to the hills outside the city. From the top, you can see the entire city and the surrounding valley. It's one of my favorite places to relax because it's peaceful and far away from the traffic.

However, the city also has some disadvantages. The traffic congestion can be terrible during rush hour, and some parts of the city are extremely crowded. The air quality isn't always good either.

My country has an incredible variety of landscapes. There are mountain ranges, forests, deserts, beaches, and waterfalls. Some areas are dry and rocky, while others are covered in lush vegetation.

I think the most beautiful places aren't necessarily the most famous ones. Sometimes a quiet lake, a small village, or a forest path can be much more memorable than a famous tourist attraction. Beauty isn't always about being impressive. Sometimes it's about being peaceful.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Words with the Definitions

spectacular
breathtaking
scenery
valley
mountain range
waterfall
landscape
lush
traffic congestion
crowded
peaceful
natural feature

a. a long area of land between mountains or hills

b. very beautiful or impressive

c. a series of connected mountains

d. very impressive or exciting to look at

e. a large amount of traffic causing slow movement

f. full of people

g. a place or part of the environment that exists naturally

h. the visible features of an area of land

i. green, healthy, and growing abundantly

j. water that falls from a height

k. calm and quiet

l. the natural view of an area

Task 2 — Natural or Man-Made?

mountain · bridge · river · skyscraper · waterfall · lake · road · forest · beach · castle · valley · desert

Natural features
Man-made features

Task 3 — Complete the Sentences

breathtaking · spectacular · valley · waterfall · lush · peaceful · crowded · scenery · landscape · mountain range

1. The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely .
2. We drove through a beautiful green between two mountains.
3. The country has a huge stretching across the north.
4. The hotel is surrounded by forests.
5. We went hiking to see a beautiful .
6. I love this park because it's quiet and .
7. The beach becomes extremely during the summer.
8. The mountain was incredible after the rain.
9. The region has a very diverse .
10. The sunset over the ocean was .

Part 3 — 📖 Reading: A Country of Contrasts

Every country has places that its people are proud of, places that tourists love, and places that locals would rather avoid. My country is no different. What makes it particularly interesting, however, is the incredible variety of its landscapes.

In the north, there are enormous mountain ranges covered with snow for much of the year. The mountains attract hikers and nature lovers who come to enjoy the breathtaking scenery. In some areas, narrow paths lead to quiet valleys where you can hear nothing but birds and running water.

Further south, the landscape changes dramatically. There are dry, rocky areas and large deserts where temperatures can become extremely high. Although these places may not look as welcoming as green forests, they have their own unique beauty. The combination of unusual rock formations, open skies, and complete silence can be surprisingly spectacular.

There are also many forests, lakes, and rivers. In spring, some parts of the country become incredibly lush, with green hills and wildflowers covering the landscape. One of the most beautiful experiences is visiting a waterfall after heavy rain, when the water is powerful and the surrounding vegetation is bright green.

Of course, natural beauty isn't the only thing that makes a place enjoyable. Cities can offer excellent restaurants, museums, shopping centers, and cultural attractions. However, large cities also have their disadvantages. Traffic congestion, noise, pollution, and overcrowding can make daily life stressful.

In my opinion, the best place to live isn't necessarily the most beautiful place in the country. A city may have spectacular scenery but terrible traffic, while another city may be less attractive but offer a better quality of life.

Perhaps that's why I enjoy traveling within my own country. You can experience completely different environments without crossing a national border. You can spend the morning in the mountains, drive through a desert in the afternoon, and end the day beside a peaceful lake. That variety is what makes my country special.

Part 4 — Reading Comprehension

Task 4 — Main Idea

A. Cities are better places to live than rural areas.

B. The country has a wide variety of natural landscapes and different advantages and disadvantages.

C. Tourists should only visit mountainous areas.

D. Deserts are the most beautiful places in the country.

Answer:

Task 5 — True, False, or Not Given?

1. The northern mountains are covered with snow during part of the year.
2. The mountain areas are popular with hikers.
3. The southern part of the country is covered entirely by forests.
4. The writer believes deserts have no natural beauty.
5. Some areas become very green in spring.
6. Waterfalls can become more powerful after heavy rain.
7. Cities have no advantages.
8. The writer believes the most beautiful city is necessarily the best place to live.
9. The country has many different types of natural environments.

Task 6 — Answer the Questions

1. Why do people visit the mountain areas?
2. What makes the desert landscapes interesting?
3. When do some parts of the country become especially green?
4. What happens to waterfalls after heavy rain?
5. What disadvantages can large cities have?
6. Why does the writer enjoy traveling within their own country?
7. What does the writer mean by saying that the country is a "country of contrasts"?

Part 5 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 7 — Choose the Closest Meaning

1. The scenery was breathtaking.
A. disappointing B. extremely beautiful C. dangerous D. ordinary
Answer:
2. The forest was lush.
A. dry and empty B. green and full of healthy vegetation C. crowded D. extremely cold
Answer:
3. The city suffers from traffic congestion.
A. heavy traffic B. bad weather C. noise from airplanes D. overcrowded buildings
Answer:
4. The village was peaceful.
A. busy and exciting B. dangerous C. calm and quiet D. expensive
Answer:
5. The region has a diverse landscape.
A. population B. collection of buildings C. physical features of the land D. transportation system
Answer:

Unit 4 — Family Life

Let, Make, Help, Have, Get, Want, Ask & Tell · Touchstone 3

Every family has its own way of doing things. Some parents are very strict, while others are more relaxed. Some children have a lot of freedom, while others have to follow many rules.

When I was growing up, my parents didn't let me stay out late on school nights. They made me finish my homework before I could watch TV. At the time, I thought they were being too strict, but now I understand why they had those rules.

My parents also helped me become more independent. They didn't do everything for me. Instead, they made me learn how to solve problems myself and asked me to take responsibility for my decisions.

My mother would often tell me to be careful, while my father would ask me to help around the house. Sometimes they had me clean my room or got me to help with dinner.

As a teenager, I sometimes wanted more freedom. I wanted my parents to let me make my own decisions, but they didn't always agree. They wanted me to understand that freedom also comes with responsibility.

Looking back, I think the most important thing parents can do is help their children become independent while still giving them support. Families don't have to agree about everything, but they should be able to communicate and respect each other's needs.

Part 2 — Vocabulary & Structure Focus

Task 1 — Match the Verb Pattern

let
make
help
have
get
want
ask
tell

a. someone to do something

b. someone do something

c. someone do something

d. someone do / to do something

e. someone to do something

f. someone to do something

g. someone to do something

h. someone to do something

Challenge: Two verbs can have more than one possible structure. Identify them.

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

1. My parents didn't me stay out late.
2. They me clean my room every Saturday.
3. My sister me with my homework.
4. My mother me to help with dinner.
5. My parents me do my homework before dinner.
6. I my children to be independent.
7. My father me to call him when I arrived.
8. My mother me not to worry.

Task 3 — Choose the Correct Form

1. My parents let me (go / ) out with my friends.
2. They made me (clean / ) my room.
3. My mother asked me (help / ) her.
4. My father told me (be / ) careful.
5. She helped me (finish / ) my homework.
6. We wanted our children (learn / ) responsibility.
7. My parents had me (do / ) the dishes.
8. She got me (think / ) about the problem.

Part 3 — 📖 Reading: Growing Up in a Different Generation

Families change over time. The way parents raise their children today can be very different from the way they were raised themselves. However, many of the basic challenges of family life remain the same.

When I was a child, my parents were fairly strict. They had a clear set of rules, and they expected me to follow them. For example, they didn't let me use the computer until I had finished my homework. They also made me help around the house.

At first, I didn't understand why I had so many responsibilities. I wanted my parents to give me more freedom. However, they explained that they weren't trying to punish me. They wanted to teach me how to be responsible and independent.

My mother often asked me to help with cooking and cleaning. My father usually told me to be careful when I was outside with my friends. If I made a mistake, they didn't always solve the problem for me. Instead, they sometimes had me find the solution myself.

One thing they did especially well was helping me become more confident. They didn't make every decision for me. When I had a problem, they would help me think about possible solutions rather than simply telling me what to do.

As I got older, my parents gradually gave me more freedom. They let me make my own decisions, but they also made it clear that I had to accept the consequences of those decisions.

Looking back, I realize that good parenting isn't about controlling every part of a child's life. It's about knowing when to make a child follow a rule, when to let them make their own choices, and when to help them find their own way.

Part 4 — Reading Comprehension

Task 4 — Main Idea

A. Children should never have rules.

B. Parents should always be strict with their children.

C. Good parenting involves balancing rules, freedom, and independence.

D. Parents should solve all of their children's problems.

Answer:

Task 5 — True, False, or Not Given?

1. The writer's parents were fairly strict.
2. The writer could use the computer whenever they wanted.
3. The writer had responsibilities at home.
4. The writer initially wanted more freedom.
5. The parents wanted to punish the writer.
6. The writer's mother asked for help with household activities.
7. The father always solved the writer's problems.
8. The parents gradually gave the writer more freedom.
9. The writer believes children should make every decision themselves.

Task 6 — Answer the Questions

1. What did the parents make the writer do before using the computer?
2. Why did the parents give the writer responsibilities?
3. How did the mother involve the writer in family life?
4. What did the father often tell the writer to do?
5. How did the parents help the writer become more confident?
6. What changed as the writer got older?
7. According to the writer, what is good parenting about?

Part 5 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 7 — Choose the Closest Meaning

1. The parents were fairly strict.
A. having many rules B. very relaxed C. completely uninterested D. extremely emotional
Answer:
2. They gradually gave their child more freedom.
A. responsibility B. independence to make choices C. financial support D. protection
Answer:
3. The parents wanted to teach their child responsibility.
A. prevent B. help someone learn C. punish D. control
Answer:
4. Children need to accept the consequences of their decisions.
A. reasons B. results of their actions C. instructions D. opportunities
Answer:
5. The parents helped the child become more independent.
A. able to do things without relying on others B. more obedient C. more sociable D. more emotional
Answer:

Part 6 — Verb Pattern Drill

Task 8 — Complete with the Correct Verb

let · make · help · have · get · want · ask · tell

1. My parents didn't me go to the party.
2. They me clean my room.
3. My sister me with my project.
4. My mother me to call her when I arrived.
5. My father me to be careful.
6. I my children to become independent.
7. We our son help with dinner.
8. My parents me to understand why the rule was important.

Task 9 — Correct the Errors

1. My parents made me to clean my room. →
2. They let me to go out with my friends. →
3. My mother told me be careful. →
4. My father asked me help him. →
5. She helped me to finished my homework. →
6. We wanted our children be independent. →
7. They had me to do the dishes. →
8. She got me think about my behavior. →

Task 10 — Rewrite the Sentences

Use the word in parentheses.

1. My parents allowed me to stay out late. (let) →
2. My father forced me to apologize. (made) →
3. My mother requested that I help her. (asked) →
4. My parents instructed me to be careful. (told) →
5. My brother assisted me with my homework. (helped) →
6. My parents wanted me to become independent. (wanted) →
7. My father arranged for me to clean the garage. (had) →
8. My sister persuaded me to try something new. (got) →

Part 7 — Family Vocabulary

Task 11 — Complete the Family-Life Expressions

responsibility · freedom · rules · chores · permission · decisions · consequences · support

1. Parents usually set for their children.
2. Children often want more as they get older.
3. Cleaning and cooking are common household .
4. Parents may ask children to take for their actions.
5. Teenagers often need before going somewhere.
6. Good parents provide emotional .
7. Adults have to make their own .
8. Children need to learn that their actions have .

Task 12 — Match the Collocations

set
give someone
take
make
follow
make
provide
accept

a. responsibility

b. rules

c. a decision

d. consequences

e. support

f. freedom

g. rules

h. someone do something

Unit 5 — Eating Habits

Containers & Quantities · Touchstone 3

People have very different eating habits. Some people eat three large meals a day, while others prefer several smaller meals. Some people eat mostly at home, whereas others often eat out.

Personally, I try to have a balanced diet. I usually eat a bowl of yogurt or oatmeal for breakfast, along with a piece of fruit. I also try to drink a glass of water as soon as I wake up.

For lunch, I normally have a plate of rice or pasta with some vegetables and a source of protein. I don't need a huge amount of food. In fact, I feel better when I eat a small portion rather than a very large meal.

I try to eat a few pieces of fruit every day and a little cheese or yogurt. I don't eat too much sugar, and I try not to drink too many sugary drinks.

Of course, I don't follow these habits perfectly. Sometimes I buy a bag of chips or have a slice of cake. I think it's fine to enjoy unhealthy food occasionally. The important thing is not to eat too much of it.

I also think people should pay attention to portion sizes. You don't necessarily have to stop eating your favorite foods. Sometimes simply eating a smaller amount is enough to make your diet more balanced.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Containers with the Food

a bottle of
a can of
a jar of
a bag of
a box of
a carton of
a bowl of
a plate of
a slice of
a piece of
a loaf of
a bar of

a. bread

b. cereal

c. chocolate

d. juice

e. soup

f. chips

g. yogurt

h. cake

i. pizza

j. milk

k. jam

l. soda

Task 2 — Complete the Food Quantities

a of bread
a of milk
a of water
a of jam
a of cereal
a of chocolate
a of cake
a of rice
a of chips
a of soup
a of pizza
a of cheese

Task 3 — Choose the Correct Quantity

1. I drink (a bottle / a slice) of water every morning. →
2. She had (a bowl / a jar) of cereal for breakfast. →
3. We bought (a loaf / a can) of bread. →
4. He ate a few / a little vegetables. →
5. I don't drink much / many coffee. →
6. There aren't much / many apples left. →
7. I only need a little / a few sugar. →
8. She ate too much / too many chips. →
9. We have too much / too many bottles of water. →
10. There's enough / too many food for everyone. →

Part 3 — 📖 Reading: Small Changes, Better Eating Habits

Many people want to improve their eating habits, but they think they need to completely change their diet. In reality, small changes can make a big difference.

One useful strategy is to pay attention to portion sizes. People sometimes eat much more than they actually need simply because they serve themselves large portions. Instead of putting a huge amount of food on your plate, try starting with a smaller portion. You can always have more if you're still hungry.

Another useful habit is to eat more fruit and vegetables. You don't have to eat an enormous salad every day. You could simply add a piece of fruit to your breakfast or have a bowl of vegetables with lunch.

Drinks are also important. Some people consume too much sugar without realizing it because they drink several cans of soda or sweetened coffee every day. Replacing some of these drinks with water can significantly reduce sugar consumption.

Snacks can be a problem, too. It's easy to eat too many cookies or a whole bag of chips while watching television. One solution is to put a small amount of food into a bowl instead of eating directly from the package. This makes it easier to control how much you eat.

Another important point is that healthy eating doesn't mean avoiding all your favorite foods. You can still have a slice of cake or a bar of chocolate occasionally. The key is balance. If most of your meals contain nutritious foods and reasonable portions, there's usually room for less healthy choices as well.

Finally, it's important to remember that eating habits are personal. A diet that works well for one person may not work for another. The goal isn't to follow a perfect diet. It's to develop habits that are realistic and sustainable in your everyday life.

Part 4 — Reading Comprehension

Task 4 — Main Idea

A. People should completely avoid unhealthy food.

B. Healthy eating requires expensive food.

C. Small, realistic changes can improve eating habits.

D. Everyone should follow exactly the same diet.

Answer:

Task 5 — True, False, or Not Given?

1. The writer believes people need to completely change their diets.
2. Paying attention to portion sizes can be helpful.
3. The writer recommends eating enormous salads every day.
4. Sugary drinks can contribute to high sugar consumption.
5. Eating directly from a package can make portion control more difficult.
6. The writer says people should never eat cake.
7. The writer believes everyone's ideal diet is the same.
8. The writer considers realistic habits important.

Task 6 — Answer the Questions

1. Why can smaller portions be useful?
2. What does the writer suggest adding to breakfast?
3. Why can drinks be a problem?
4. What strategy does the writer suggest for controlling snacks?
5. Does healthy eating mean completely avoiding favorite foods?
6. What does the writer mean by "balance"?
7. Why should eating habits be realistic and sustainable?

Part 5 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 7 — Choose the Closest Meaning

1. portion size
A. the type of food B. the amount of food served C. the price of food D. the number of meals
Answer:
2. consume
A. prepare B. buy C. eat or drink D. avoid
Answer:
3. nutritious
A. containing useful nutrients B. very expensive C. extremely sweet D. difficult to prepare
Answer:
4. sustainable
A. easy to continue over a long period B. expensive C. unhealthy D. temporary
Answer:
5. reasonable portion
A. a very large amount B. an appropriate amount C. the smallest possible amount D. an unlimited amount
Answer:

Part 6 — Quantifier Drill

Task 8 — Choose the Correct Answer

1. I don't drink much / many milk. →
2. There aren't much / many vegetables in the refrigerator. →
3. I only eat a little / a few cheese. →
4. She eats a little / a few pieces of fruit every day. →
5. We have very little / very few rice left. →
6. There are very little / very few eggs in the fridge. →
7. He eats too much / too many sugar. →
8. She drinks too much / too many cans of soda. →
9. We have enough / too many food for everyone. →
10. There aren't enough / too much vegetables for the salad. →

Task 9 — Complete the Sentences

a little · a few · very little · very few · too much · too many · enough

1. I have time, so I'll make something quick.
2. There are apples left. We need to buy more.
3. I only need water.
4. He puts salt in his food.
5. There are people at the restaurant tonight.
6. We bought food for the party.
7. She drinks coffee every day.
8. I eat pieces of chocolate after dinner.

Part 7 — Container Collocations

Task 10 — Which Container?

1. ___ milk
bottle / carton / slice →
2. ___ bread
loaf / jar / can →
3. ___ jam
jar / carton / bowl →
4. ___ soup
can / slice / loaf →
5. ___ cereal
box / bottle / bar →
6. ___ chocolate
bar / carton / loaf →
7. ___ chips
bag / jar / carton →
8. ___ water
bottle / slice / loaf →
9. ___ cake
slice / can / jar →
10. ___ rice
bowl / bottle / bar →

Part 8 — Error Correction

Task 11 — Correct the Mistakes

1. I drink too many water. →
2. She eats a little apples every morning. →
3. We bought a bottle of bread. →
4. He had a bowl of pizza. →
5. There are too much vegetables in the fridge. →
6. I don't eat many sugar. →
7. She drinks a few coffee every morning. →
8. We need a jar of milk. →
9. There isn't many rice left. →
10. I ate two slice of cake. →

Part 9 — Eating Habits

Task 12 — Complete the Sentences About Yourself

For breakfast, I usually have .
I normally drink .
I eat a lot of .
I don't eat much .
I eat too many .
I should eat more .
I should eat less .
I usually have a of for lunch.
My favorite snack is .
I think a healthy portion of is .

Part 10 — Critical Thinking

Task 13 — Compare Eating Habits

Person A

skips breakfast
drinks three cans of soda every day
eats very large portions
rarely eats vegetables
snacks on chips and chocolate

Person B

eats breakfast
drinks mostly water
eats moderate portions
eats several servings of vegetables
occasionally eats cake or chocolate

1. Who has healthier eating habits?
2. What are Person A's biggest problems?
3. Which habits would be easiest to change?
4. Does Person B have a perfect diet? Why or why not?
5. What advice would you give Person A?

Part 11 — Speaking Challenge

Task 14 — What's in Your Kitchen?

Imagine you're giving someone a tour of your kitchen. Describe what you have and how much you have.

You must use at least: 3 container expressions, 3 quantity expressions, 2 countable nouns, 2 uncountable nouns.

Part 12 — 🎯 Production Task: My Eating Habits: A Realistic Food Diary

Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words about your eating habits.

Include: your typical day, quantities (at least 8), containers (at least 6).

Unit 6 — Future Plans & Schedules · Make & Do

Touchstone 3

I have a lot going on over the next few months, so I've already started organizing my schedule. This weekend, I'm going to visit my cousin because we haven't seen each other for a while. We're meeting at a café on Saturday afternoon, so that's already arranged.

I also have a few things that I haven't organized yet. I will probably spend more time studying next month because I have an important exam coming up. I'm also going to start exercising more regularly. I've already decided that I need to make some changes to my daily routine.

Some things are already fixed. My English course starts on September 5th, and the first class ends at 7 p.m. The train leaves at 8:30, so I need to leave home early.

I don't know exactly what I'll do after the course. Maybe I'll travel somewhere, or perhaps I'll stay home and relax. I'll decide later.

One thing I know for sure is that I'm going to make an effort to manage my time better. I have to do some work, make some decisions, and do my best not to become overwhelmed.

Planning doesn't mean knowing exactly what will happen. Sometimes you have a plan, but unexpected things happen. That's why I like to organize the important things while leaving some room for change.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Expressions

make a plan
make a decision
make an effort
make progress
make a mistake
do your best
do homework
do exercise
do the dishes
do some work

a. try as hard as possible

b. perform physical activity

c. create a plan

d. choose what to do

e. work on a task

f. improve or move forward

g. perform household cleaning

h. try hard to achieve something

i. produce an incorrect result

j. complete schoolwork

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

Use make or do.

1. I need to a decision.
2. She always her best.
3. We have to some work tonight.
4. He a lot of progress last month.
5. Don't worry if you a mistake.
6. I'm going to an effort to exercise more.
7. Did you your homework?
8. We need to a plan.
9. Can you the dishes?
10. I need to some exercise.

Part 3 — Future Forms

Task 3 — Choose the Best Future Form

1. Look at those clouds! It __________ rain.
will / is going to / is raining →
2. I think I __________ stay home tonight.
will / am going to / am staying →
3. We __________ Sarah at 6 p.m. tomorrow. It's already arranged.
will meet / are meeting / meet →
4. The train __________ at 7:15 tomorrow morning.
is leaving / leaves / will leave →
5. I've decided that I __________ start a new course next month.
will / am going to / start →
6. Don't worry. I __________ help you.
will / am going to / am helping →

Task 4 — Identify the Meaning

Write: P = prediction, I = intention/plan, A = arrangement, S = schedule, D = decision made now

1. I'll call you later.
2. I'm going to learn Spanish next year.
3. We're having dinner with them tomorrow.
4. The movie starts at 8:00.
5. I think she'll enjoy the trip.
6. I'll carry that bag for you.
7. I'm going to buy a new laptop.
8. The plane lands at 11:30.

Part 4 — 📖 Reading: Planning Without Losing Your Mind

Modern life can feel extremely busy. Between work, education, family, friends, and personal responsibilities, it isn't always easy to organize your time. Having a clear plan can help, but trying to control every minute of your life can also create unnecessary stress.

One useful approach is to divide your plans into different categories. Some events are already scheduled. For example, a train leaves at 8:00, a class starts at 6:00, or a conference takes place on Friday. These events are usually expressed using the simple present because they are part of a fixed timetable.

Other plans are personal intentions. You might decide that you're going to exercise more, learn a new skill, or save money. These plans may be quite serious, but they aren't necessarily arranged with other people yet.

Then there are arrangements. If you've agreed to meet a friend tomorrow at 7:00, you can say, "I'm meeting my friend tomorrow." The arrangement has already been made.

Finally, we often use will for decisions made at the moment or predictions about the future. If your friend says, "I'm really tired," you might immediately say, "I'll help you." You didn't plan this earlier; you decided to help when you heard the situation.

Good planning also requires flexibility. You can make a plan, but you can't always control what happens. You may make a mistake, change your mind, or have to do some extra work. The goal isn't to have a perfect schedule. It's to make reasonable plans and adjust them when necessary.

Part 5 — Comprehension

Task 5 — Main Idea

A. Everyone should organize every minute of their day.

B. Different future forms express different kinds of plans, arrangements, schedules, and predictions.

C. Future plans always change.

D. Simple present is the only useful future form.

Answer:

Task 6 — True / False / Not Given

1. Fixed schedules can use the simple present.
2. "Going to" can express personal intentions.
3. Present continuous can describe arranged plans.
4. "Will" is only used for scheduled events.
5. Good planning requires some flexibility.
6. The writer believes mistakes should never happen.

Task 7 — Answer

1. When can we use the simple present for the future?
2. What's the difference between an intention and an arrangement?
3. When can we use will for a decision?
4. Why does the writer recommend flexibility?
5. What does the writer mean by "make reasonable plans"?

Part 6 — Make or Do

Task 8 — Correct the Mistake

1. I need to do a decision. →
2. She made her homework. →
3. We did a plan for our vacation. →
4. He makes exercise every morning. →
5. I did a mistake. →
6. They made progress quickly. →
7. Please make your best. →
8. I need to make some work. →

Task 9 — Complete the Paragraph

Use make or do.

Before starting a new project, I like to a plan. Then I some research and a list of things I need to accomplish. During the project, I try to my best and steady progress. Of course, I sometimes mistakes, but I try to learn from them.

Part 7 — Speaking Drill

Task 10 — Your Future

Tomorrow, I'm .
This weekend, I'm going to .
Next month, I'm going to .
My next important appointment .
I think I will next year.
One thing I will definitely do is .
I need to make .
I need to do .

Task 11 — What Would You Say?

1. Your friend says: "I have too much work."
2. Someone asks: "What are you doing this weekend?"
3. Someone asks: "What are your plans for next year?"
4. Your friend asks you to make a decision immediately.
5. Someone asks about the time of the next train.
6. Your colleague says: "I'm nervous about the presentation."

🎯 PRODUCTION TASK — My Next 3 Months

Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words. Describe your plans for the next three months.

Future forms: will (2), be going to (3), present continuous (2), simple present for schedules (2).

Make / Do: at least 6 expressions.

Final Challenge: Explain why you chose each future form in two of your sentences.

Unit 7 — Friends & Relationships · Relative Clauses · Dating Phrasal Verbs

Touchstone 3

I have a fairly small circle of friends, but I'm close to most of them. There's Sara, who I met at university, and Amir, who has been my friend for almost ten years. I also have a few friends that I met through work.

Sara is the kind of person who always knows how to make people laugh. Amir is someone who I can always depend on. He's the friend that I call when I have a problem.

I think friendships change as people get older. Some friends drift apart because they move to different cities or become busy with work. Others stay in touch even when they don't see each other very often.

Dating can be complicated for the same reason. You might get along with someone very well at first, but then discover that you have different expectations. Sometimes two people hit it off immediately. Other times, they need more time to get to know each other.

If a relationship becomes serious, people might go out with each other for a long time before deciding whether they want to take the next step. Some couples eventually break up, while others stay together and build a life together.

I think the most important thing in any relationship is having someone who respects you, communicates honestly, and supports you when things become difficult.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Relationship Phrasal Verbs

get along with
hit it off
go out with
break up
stay together
stay in touch
drift apart
get back together
fall for
ask someone out

a. to start dating someone

b. to have a good relationship with someone

c. to stop being in a romantic relationship

d. to remain in contact

e. to gradually become less close

f. to have an immediate good connection

g. to continue being a couple

h. to become attracted to or fall in love with someone

i. to invite someone on a date

j. to restart a romantic relationship after separating

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

1. I really my new roommate. We have similar personalities.
2. They immediately when they met at the party.
3. She's been him for six months.
4. They decided to after three years together.
5. Even though they live in different countries, they .
6. We used to be very close, but we gradually .
7. He his colleague and eventually started dating her.
8. They broke up last year but recently .

Part 3 — Relative Clauses

Task 3 — Choose Who / Which / That

1. She's the friend always gives me good advice.
2. That's the restaurant we went to last week.
3. He's the person I told you about.
4. I have a friend lives in Canada.
5. This is the movie we watched on our first date.
6. She's someone I really trust.
7. That's the couple moved into the apartment upstairs.
8. I met someone works for the same company.

Task 4 — Combine the Sentences

Use a relative clause.

1. I met a woman. She works with my sister.
2. He's a friend. I can always depend on him.
3. We went to a restaurant. It serves excellent food.
4. She's the person. I told you about her.
5. I know a couple. They have been together for 15 years.
6. This is the café. We met there.
7. He's someone. I really respect him.
8. That's the movie. We watched it on our first date.

Part 4 — 📖 Reading: The People We Choose

Most of us have different kinds of relationships in our lives. We have family members, colleagues, classmates, neighbors, and friends. However, our closest friends are usually people who share some of our values and interests.

My best friend is someone who I met when I was sixteen. At first, we didn't have much in common. She was very outgoing, while I was quite quiet. However, we gradually discovered that we shared the same sense of humor. She's the kind of person who can make me laugh even when I'm having a terrible day.

As we got older, our lives became busier. She moved to another city, and I started working full-time. For a while, we drifted apart. We didn't have any serious disagreement; we simply didn't have as much time to talk.

Eventually, we realized how much we missed our friendship. We started to stay in touch regularly, and our relationship became close again.

Dating relationships can develop in similar ways. Sometimes you meet someone who you immediately get along with, and you hit it off from the beginning. In other cases, attraction develops slowly.

The early stages of dating can be exciting, but relationships also require communication. Two people may get along well but still discover that they want different things. If they can't solve their problems, they may eventually break up.

On the other hand, couples who communicate honestly are often better able to deal with disagreements. A healthy relationship doesn't mean that two people never argue. It means they can discuss their problems, respect each other's boundaries, and find ways to move forward.

Whether we're talking about friendship or dating, strong relationships usually require time, trust, communication, and effort.

Part 5 — Reading Comprehension

Task 5 — Main Idea

A. Dating is more important than friendship.

B. Strong relationships require communication, trust, and effort.

C. People should only have a small number of friends.

D. Relationships should never involve disagreements.

Answer:

Task 6 — True / False / Not Given

1. The writer met their best friend at university.
2. The two friends initially had different personalities.
3. They shared a sense of humor.
4. They had a serious argument when they became distant.
5. They eventually started communicating more regularly.
6. All couples immediately hit it off.
7. Communication can help couples deal with disagreements.
8. Healthy couples never argue.

Task 7 — Answer the Questions

1. Why did the writer and their friend drift apart?
2. How did they become close again?
3. What does "hit it off" mean?
4. Why might two people who get along still break up?
5. What do healthy couples do when they disagree?
6. What does the writer believe strong relationships require?

Part 6 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 8 — Choose the Correct Meaning

1. We drifted apart.
A. became closer B. gradually became less close C. had a serious argument D. started dating
Answer:
2. They hit it off immediately.
A. argued B. became friends or connected quickly C. broke up D. stopped talking
Answer:
3. She gets along with her colleagues.
A. has a good relationship with them B. avoids them C. competes with them D. dates them
Answer:
4. They decided to stay in touch.
A. remain in contact B. move in together C. get married D. stop communicating
Answer:
5. They broke up last month.
A. started dating B. got engaged C. ended their romantic relationship D. became friends
Answer:

Part 7 — Phrasal Verb Drill

Task 9 — Complete the Story

Use: asked her out · hit it off · went out with · fell for · broke up · got back together · stayed together

Tom met Lisa at a friend's party. They immediately and talked for hours. A few days later, Tom . They started each other and eventually he her.

They dated for two years, but unfortunately they . After several months apart, they and decided to give their relationship another chance. They've now been for five years.

Task 10 — Correct the Mistakes

1. I get along him very well. →
2. They hit off it immediately. →
3. She asked out him last Friday. →
4. They broke up with last year. →
5. We stayed in touch each other. →
6. They drifted apart from after university. →
7. He fell for with her. →
8. They got together back after six months. →

Part 8 — Relative Clause + Phrasal Verb Combination

Task 11 — Combine the Ideas

Use a relative clause and an appropriate phrasal verb.

1. She's a woman. I went out with her last year.
2. He's a friend. I always stay in touch with him.
3. They're a couple. They broke up last year.
4. She's someone. I immediately hit it off with her.
5. He's the person. I fell for him when we were at university.
6. They're friends. They gradually drifted apart from them.

Part 9 — Friendship Vocabulary

Task 12 — Complete the Expressions

Use: close · mutual · social · childhood · long-term · common · trusted · inner

a friend
a friend
a circle
interests
a friendship
a friend
a friend
a friend

Choose five and use them in sentences.

Part 10 — Speaking Drill

Task 13 — Describe Your Circle

Talk about three people in your circle. For each person, explain: Who are they? How did you meet? How long have you known them? What do you have in common? Why do you get along? What kind of person are they?

You must use at least 4 relative clauses.

Part 11 — Dating Scenarios

Task 14 — What Happened?

Choose an appropriate phrasal verb for each situation. Use the phrasal verb in a complete sentence.

1. Two people meet and immediately connect.
2. Someone invites another person on a date.
3. A couple ends their relationship.
4. Two people remain friends despite living far apart.
5. Two friends become less close over time.
6. A person becomes romantically attracted to someone.
7. A couple separates but later starts dating again.

Unit 8 — Wishes · Imaginary Situations · I wish & If Clauses

Touchstone 3

Sometimes I think about what I would change if I could change one thing about my life. If I had more free time, I would travel more often. I would love to visit places that I've never seen before.

There are also things that I wish were different right now. I wish I lived closer to my friends because we don't see each other very often. I also wish I had more time to read.

Of course, I know that some things aren't realistic. If I won the lottery, I would probably travel around the world for a year. I would buy a beautiful house somewhere peaceful and invite all my closest friends to stay with me.

Sometimes I wish I could change things that are outside my control. I wish I could speak every language in the world. I wish I could remember everything I read.

But imaginary situations can also help us understand what we really want. If money weren't a problem, what would you do? If you could live anywhere, where would you live? Questions like these can reveal our priorities and dreams.

Part 2 — Vocabulary Focus

Task 1 — Match the Words

realistic
imaginary
priority
dream
opportunity
regret
impossible
ideal

a. something you strongly want to achieve

b. something that cannot happen or be done

c. something you consider more important than other things

d. existing only in your imagination

e. a chance to do something

f. possible and practical

g. something you wish you had done differently

h. perfect or most desirable

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

1. If I had more money, I would take advantage of the to travel.
2. Winning the lottery is possible, but it isn't very .
3. My biggest is that I didn't study abroad.
4. If I could live anywhere, my location would be somewhere near the ocean.
5. Speaking every language perfectly is probably .
6. If I had to choose one , it would be spending more time with my family.

Part 3 — Grammar in Context

Task 3 — Complete the Sentences

1. If I more free time, I would exercise more. (have)
2. I wish I closer to my family. (live)
3. If she more confident, she would apply for the job. (be)
4. I wish I speak another language. (can)
5. If we a car, we could travel more easily. (have)
6. I wish I so much work. (not / have)
7. If you could live anywhere, where you live?
8. If I you, I would take the opportunity. (be)

Task 4 — Wish or If?

1. I wish / If I had more money. →
2. I wish / If I could speak French. →
3. I wish / If I had a bigger apartment, I would invite more people. →
4. I wish / If my job were less stressful. →
5. I wish / If I won the lottery, I'd travel for a year. →
6. I wish / If I didn't have to work tomorrow. →

Part 4 — 📖 Reading: The Life We Imagine

It's natural to imagine how our lives could be different. Most people have things they wish they could change, as well as dreams about the future.

For example, someone might wish they had more free time. They may have a demanding job and several responsibilities, so they don't have enough time for their hobbies. They might say, "I wish I had more time to myself."

Other people imagine completely different lives. If they could live anywhere, they might choose a small town near the sea. If they didn't have to worry about money, they might travel around the world.

Imaginary situations can also help people think about their priorities. If you suddenly had a year without work or school, what would you do? Would you travel? Learn something new? Spend more time with your family?

However, there is a difference between having an imaginary dream and making a realistic plan. Saying "I wish I could speak five languages" is different from deciding to study a new language for thirty minutes every day.

Wishes can therefore be useful. They show us what we want, while realistic plans help us decide what we can actually do about it.

Task 5 — Main Idea

A. People should stop imagining different lives.

B. Wishes and imaginary situations can reveal what people want and help them make realistic plans.

C. Everyone should travel around the world.

D. Money is the most important factor in happiness.

Answer:

Task 6 — True / False / Not Given

1. Most people have things they would like to change.
2. The reading says everyone wants to travel.
3. Imaginary situations can reveal people's priorities.
4. A wish and a realistic plan are exactly the same.
5. Wishes can help people identify what they want.

Task 7 — Answer

1. Why might someone wish they had more free time?
2. What might someone do if they didn't have to worry about money?
3. How can imaginary situations help us?
4. What's the difference between a wish and a realistic plan?
5. Why can wishes be useful?

Part 5 — Transformation Drill

Task 8 — Rewrite

1. I don't have enough money, and I don't like that.
→ I wish .
2. I don't live near the beach.
→ I wish .
3. I don't know how to speak Spanish.
→ I wish .
4. I don't have more free time.
→ If .
5. I don't own a car, so I can't travel easily.
→ If .
6. She isn't more confident, so she doesn't apply for the job.
→ If .

Task 9 — Imagine...

Complete with your own ideas.

If I could live anywhere, .
If I won a million dollars, .
If I didn't have to work for a year, .
I wish I could .
I wish I had .
I wish I didn't have to .
If I were famous, .
If I could change one thing about my city, .

🎯 PRODUCTION TASK — The Life I Would Choose

Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words. Imagine you could redesign your life.

Requirements: I wish + past (3), I wish + could (1), If + past, would (4), If + could (1).

Final Challenge: Finish with "But if I had to choose just one change, I would..."

Unit 9 — Technology Problems · Questions Within Sentences · Phrasal Verbs for Gadgets

Touchstone 3

Technology makes our lives easier, but it can also create a lot of frustration. We've all experienced situations where a device suddenly stops working.

Yesterday, my laptop wouldn't turn on. I wasn't sure what the problem was, so I checked the charger first. I also wanted to know whether the battery was working.

I tried to turn the computer on, but nothing happened. Then I plugged it in and waited for a few minutes. I wondered why it wasn't charging.

Eventually, I turned it off completely and turned it back on. Fortunately, it worked. I still don't know what caused the problem, but at least I didn't have to take it to a repair shop.

Technology problems are especially annoying when you don't know how to fix them. Sometimes you need to find out where you can get help or ask someone whether they know what to do.

I've learned that the best thing to do is stay calm. Before calling technical support, I usually check whether the device is plugged in, restart it, and make sure that I haven't accidentally turned something off.

Part 2 — Technology Vocabulary

Task 1 — Match

charger
battery
screen
keyboard
connection
password
update
software
device
technical support

a. a secret word used to access something

b. a machine such as a phone or laptop

c. a source of electrical power for a device

d. the part of a computer used for typing

e. help with technical problems

f. a system or program used by a computer

g. the part you look at

h. the ability to connect to the internet or another system

i. a change that improves or fixes software

j. something that stores electrical energy

Part 3 — Phrasal Verbs

Task 2 — Match

turn on
turn off
turn up
turn down
plug in
unplug
log in
log out
shut down
set up
scroll down
look up

a. connect a device to electricity

b. stop a computer completely

c. increase volume

d. disconnect from electricity

e. start a device

f. decrease volume

g. search for information

h. prepare/install something for use

i. move down a webpage

j. enter an account

k. stop a device

l. leave an account

Task 3 — Complete

1. Can you the TV? I can't hear it.
2. Please the computer when you're finished.
3. I forgot to my laptop, so the battery died.
4. I need to to my email account.
5. Don't forget to when you finish.
6. Can you the volume?
7. I need to this new printer.
8. the charger when you're finished.

Part 4 — Questions Within Sentences

Task 4 — Choose the Correct Word Order

1. Do you know where is the charger / where the charger is? →
2. Can you tell me what does this button do / what this button does? →
3. I don't know why isn't it working / why it isn't working. →
4. Do you know whether she has the password / whether does she have the password? →
5. Can you tell me how can I fix it / how I can fix it? →
6. I wonder where I can buy one / where can I buy one. →

Task 5 — Combine

1. Where is the nearest repair shop?
→ Do you know ?
2. How does this device work?
→ Can you tell me ?
3. Why isn't my phone charging?
→ I don't know .
4. Does this cable work with my laptop?
→ Do you know ?
5. Where can I download the software?
→ Could you tell me ?
6. What does this button do?
→ I wonder .

Part 5 — 📖 Reading: A Day Without My Phone

Most of us depend heavily on our electronic devices. We use our phones to communicate, work, study, shop, navigate, and entertain ourselves. As a result, technical problems can seriously disrupt our daily routines.

Last week, my phone suddenly stopped connecting to the internet. I didn't know why it wasn't working, so I checked the settings. I wondered whether I had accidentally turned off the mobile connection.

Everything looked normal. I asked a friend if she knew what the problem was, but she wasn't sure either.

I decided to restart the phone. I turned it off and turned it back on, but the problem continued. Then I checked whether I had enough data and whether my account was active.

Finally, I discovered that there was a software update available. I wasn't sure how to install it, but I followed the instructions and completed the update. After that, the internet connection worked normally again.

The experience made me realize how dependent I am on my phone. I couldn't easily find directions, check messages, or contact people. It was frustrating, but it also reminded me that knowing how to solve basic technical problems can save time and money.

Task 6 — Main Idea

A. Smartphones are unnecessary.

B. Basic technical knowledge can help people solve everyday technology problems.

C. Software updates always cause problems.

D. People should never depend on phones.

Answer:

Task 7 — True / False / Not Given

1. The writer's phone couldn't connect to the internet.
2. The writer immediately knew what the problem was.
3. Restarting the phone solved the problem.
4. A software update was available.
5. The writer had difficulty installing the update.
6. The experience made the writer think about their dependence on technology.

Task 8 — Answer

1. What problem did the writer experience?
2. What did they check first?
3. What did they do to restart the phone?
4. What eventually solved the problem?
5. Why was the situation frustrating?
6. What lesson did the writer learn?

Part 6 — Technology Problem-Solving

Task 9 — What Would You Do?

Give advice for each problem. Use at least one phrasal verb in every answer.

1. Your phone won't turn on.
2. Your laptop isn't charging.
3. You can't log in to your account.
4. The internet connection keeps disconnecting.
5. Your TV is too quiet.
6. You downloaded an app but can't use it.
7. Your computer is frozen.

Task 10 — Find the Error

1. Do you know where is my phone? →
2. Can you tell me what does this button do? →
3. I don't know why isn't the computer working. →
4. Do you know how can I reset it? →
5. I wonder where can I buy a new charger. →
6. Can you tell me whether does this work? →

🎯 PRODUCTION TASK — Tech Support Call

Imagine your electronic device isn't working. Explain the problem to a technical support worker.

Requirements: describe the problem, explain what you have already tried, ask 3 embedded questions, give possible explanations, explain what you will try next.

Use at least 5 technology phrasal verbs and 5 questions within sentences.

Unit 10 — News & Recent Events · Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous · Since / For / In · Movies

Touchstone 3

Have you heard the latest news? There's been a lot happening recently.

A new movie has become extremely popular. It has been attracting huge audiences since it was released last month. Critics have praised the performances, and thousands of people have been talking about it online.

The city has also announced a new transportation project. Officials have been working on the plan for several months, and they say construction will begin in two weeks.

Meanwhile, scientists have discovered new information about the environment. They have been studying the issue since last year.

I find it interesting how quickly news spreads. Something can happen in the morning, and in a few hours, millions of people may already know about it.

Personally, I like keeping up with the news, but I don't spend hours reading it. I usually check a few reliable sources once or twice a day.

Part 2 — News Vocabulary

Task 1 — Match

headline
report
announcement
journalist
source
breaking news
event
coverage
audience
release

a. a person who reports news

b. information about something that happened

c. the title of a news story

d. information that has just happened and is important

e. a person or organization that provides information

f. information officially given to the public

g. people watching/listening to something

h. an important happening

i. the way a news organization reports something

j. when a movie, product, etc. becomes available

Task 2 — Complete

1. The newspaper's main was about the election.
2. Have you heard the latest ?
3. The journalist interviewed several .
4. The movie's is scheduled for Friday.
5. The company made an official .
6. There has been extensive media of the event.
7. The news channel is reporting news.

Part 3 — Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous

Task 3 — Choose

1. Scientists have studied / have been studying this problem for years. →
2. The company has released / has been releasing three new products this year. →
3. She has worked / has been working on the report since Monday. →
4. They have announced / have been announcing the results. →
5. It has rained / has been raining all morning. →
6. The journalist has interviewed / has been interviewing several people today. →

Task 4 — Since / For / In

1. I've lived here 2020.
2. She's been studying English three years.
3. The movie will start ten minutes.
4. They've been working on the project Monday.
5. He hasn't watched the news a week.
6. The company will announce the results two days.
7. Scientists have studied this issue decades.
8. She's been working there last summer.

Task 5 — Already / Still / Yet

1. The movie has been released.
2. Have you watched it ?
3. They're working on the project.
4. The company hasn't announced the results .
5. She's waiting for a response.
6. I've read that article.

Part 4 — 📖 Reading: A Story That Has Been Developing

A major environmental project has been attracting attention over the past year. Scientists and local organizations have been working together to protect a large natural area.

The project has already received financial support from several organizations, and researchers have collected a large amount of data. They have been studying the area since early last year.

According to recent reports, the researchers have discovered several species that were previously unknown in the region. They have been monitoring the area for more than a year, and their work has already produced interesting results.

The project has also attracted attention from the media. Several journalists have visited the area, and newspapers have published articles about the research.

However, the project isn't finished yet. Scientists are still working on several parts of the research. They hope to publish a complete report in the next few months.

The story shows how scientific discoveries often take time. Important results don't always appear immediately. Researchers may have to work for years before they have enough evidence to reach a conclusion.

Task 6 — Main Idea

A. Scientists can complete environmental research very quickly.

B. An environmental project has been progressing gradually and producing interesting results.

C. The media has stopped covering the project.

D. The researchers have finished everything.

Answer:

Task 7 — True / False / Not Given

1. The project has been attracting attention for a year.
2. Researchers began studying the area last month.
3. They have discovered previously unknown species.
4. The project has received financial support.
5. The researchers have finished their work.
6. A complete report is expected in the future.

Task 8 — Answer

1. How long have scientists been studying the area?
2. What have they discovered?
3. What have journalists done?
4. Is the project finished?
5. What do scientists hope to do in the next few months?
6. Why can scientific research take a long time?

Part 5 — Movie Vocabulary

Task 9 — Match the Movie Types

comedy
horror
thriller
romance
science fiction
documentary
action
drama
animation
fantasy

a. a film involving magical or imaginary worlds

b. a serious story about people's lives and problems

c. a funny film

d. a film designed to frighten people

e. a film about relationships and love

f. a film based on real people/events or information

g. a film involving exciting physical activity and danger

h. a film about future technology or space

i. a film using animated images

j. a suspenseful film designed to create excitement and tension

Task 10 — Identify the Genre

1. A film about a group of astronauts traveling to another planet.
2. A film about two people who fall in love.
3. A film about a haunted house.
4. A funny story about a family on vacation.
5. A serious story about a woman overcoming a difficult period in her life.
6. A film about a real historical event using interviews and old footage.
7. A film with superheroes fighting villains.

Part 6 — Expressions to Describe Movies

Task 11 — Complete the Expressions

gripping · hilarious · moving · predictable · terrifying · thought-provoking · entertaining · visually stunning · disappointing · realistic

1. The movie was so that I couldn't stop watching.
2. It was absolutely ; everyone in the theater was laughing.
3. The ending was very because I knew exactly what would happen.
4. The special effects were .
5. It was a very story that made me cry.
6. The horror scenes were .
7. The movie made me think about some important issues. It was .
8. The movie was enjoyable and .
9. Unfortunately, the ending was .
10. The characters felt very .

Part 7 — Vocabulary in Context

Task 12 — Choose

1. A gripping movie is:
A. boring B. very engaging C. extremely short D. confusing
Answer:
2. A moving movie:
A. makes you emotional B. has lots of action C. is predictable D. is funny
Answer:
3. A thought-provoking movie:
A. makes you think deeply B. is always scary C. is easy to understand D. is usually animated
Answer:
4. A visually stunning movie:
A. has impressive visuals B. has a confusing story C. is very funny D. is extremely short
Answer:
5. A predictable movie:
A. has unexpected events B. is difficult to understand C. is easy to guess D. is frightening
Answer:

Part 8 — Grammar + Vocabulary

Task 13 — Complete the News Report

A new film (become) one of the biggest successes of the year. It (attract) audiences since its release three weeks ago.

Critics already (praise) the director, and thousands of people (talk) about the film online.

The director (work) on the project for more than five years, and she says she (want) to create something different.

The film will probably remain popular several more weeks.

Task 14 — Make Your Own News

Write 6 sentences about something that has happened recently. Include: 2 present perfect, 2 present perfect continuous, since, for, in.

Unit 11 — Speculating About People & Things · Must, Might, Could & Can't · Feelings & Reactions

Touchstone 3

Have you ever walked into a room and immediately realized that something was wrong? Sometimes we have to figure out what happened without having all the information.

Yesterday, I arrived at work and noticed that my colleague wasn't there. She is usually one of the first people to arrive, so I thought she must be sick. However, she could be stuck in traffic, or she might have forgotten that we had an early meeting.

Then I noticed that her desk was completely empty. Her computer wasn't there either. She can't be at her desk because she had taken everything with her.

A few minutes later, she called me. She sounded extremely relieved and explained that her car had broken down. She was frustrated because she had been waiting for help for almost an hour.

I felt surprised, but I was also concerned because I hadn't been able to contact her. She was embarrassed about being late, but there was nothing she could do.

We often make assumptions when we don't know the whole story. Someone who looks angry might actually be worried, and someone who seems quiet might be feeling nervous. That's why it's important not to jump to conclusions.

Part 2 — Feelings & Reactions

Task 1 — Match the Feelings

relieved
frustrated
concerned
embarrassed
surprised
disappointed
confused
nervous
excited
annoyed
worried
shocked

a. unhappy because something didn't happen as expected

b. unable to understand something clearly

c. feeling happy because a difficult situation is over

d. feeling anxious about something that may happen

e. feeling uncomfortable because you made a mistake

f. very surprised by something unexpected

g. irritated or slightly angry

h. unable to achieve something despite trying

i. feeling happy and enthusiastic about something

j. feeling that something may be wrong

k. feeling anxious or worried before an event

l. very surprised or upset by something unexpected

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

1. I was extremely when I found out the exam had been canceled.
2. She felt because everyone was waiting for her.
3. He was when his computer stopped working.
4. I was about my friend's health.
5. They were when they heard the unexpected news.
6. She was because she had studied hard but failed the test.
7. I felt because I didn't understand what was happening.
8. He was before his job interview.

Part 3 — Speculation

Task 3 — Choose the Best Modal

Use: must · might · could · can't

1. Sarah isn't answering her phone. She be busy.
2. The lights are on. Someone be home.
3. He got 100% on the test. He have studied very hard.
4. She has been working all day. She be tired.
5. He isn't answering. He be asleep.
6. That be John's car. His car is blue, and this one is red.
7. They haven't arrived yet. They be stuck in traffic.
8. She's smiling. She have received some good news.

Task 4 — What Does the Speaker Mean?

Choose: A. I'm quite sure   B. It's possible   C. I'm sure it's impossible

1. She must be tired.
2. He might be at home.
3. That can't be true.
4. They could be waiting outside.
5. She must know the answer.
6. He can't be serious.

Part 4 — 📖 Reading: Don't Jump to Conclusions

Imagine that you're waiting for a friend at a café. Your friend is twenty minutes late and hasn't answered your messages. What would you think?

You might immediately become annoyed. You might think that your friend has forgotten about the meeting or simply doesn't care. However, there could be many other explanations.

Your friend might be stuck in traffic. They could have left their phone at home. They might have had an emergency. In fact, if they normally arrive on time, there must be a good reason for their absence.

When we don't have enough information, our brains naturally try to create an explanation. This can sometimes lead us to make incorrect assumptions.

Imagine that a colleague walks into the office looking extremely serious. You might think they're angry with you. However, they could be worried about a family problem. They might have received some bad news. They could simply be tired.

The same thing happens with positive emotions. If someone is smiling, they might be happy, but they could also be trying to hide their nervousness.

Understanding this can improve our relationships. Instead of immediately deciding what someone is thinking or feeling, we can ask questions and consider different possibilities.

We can't always know exactly what another person is feeling. But we can avoid unnecessary misunderstandings by remembering that our first explanation might not be correct.

Task 5 — Main Idea

A. People are usually dishonest about their feelings.

B. We should avoid making assumptions about people's feelings without enough information.

C. Being late is always disrespectful.

D. People usually hide their emotions.

Answer:

Task 6 — True / False / Not Given

1. The reading says people sometimes make assumptions when they don't have enough information.
2. A late friend must have forgotten about the meeting.
3. Someone might leave their phone at home.
4. A serious-looking colleague must be angry.
5. People can sometimes hide nervousness by smiling.
6. The writer believes we can always know what someone is feeling.
7. Asking questions can help prevent misunderstandings.

Task 7 — Answer

1. Why might someone be late to a meeting?
2. Why do people sometimes make incorrect assumptions?
3. Give two possible reasons why a colleague might look serious.
4. Can smiling always tell us that someone is happy?
5. How can we avoid misunderstandings?
6. What does the writer mean by "our first explanation might not be correct"?

Part 5 — Speculation in Context

Task 8 — Complete the Situation

Use must, might, could, or can't.

Situation A — Your friend isn't answering their phone.

1. They be sleeping.
2. They be in a meeting.
3. They have left their phone somewhere.
4. They be ignoring me because they usually answer quickly.

Now explain which possibility is most likely.

Situation B — You arrive home and all the lights are on, but nobody answers the door.

5. Someone be inside.
6. They be taking a shower.
7. They have gone out and forgotten to turn the lights off.
8. They be asleep.

Part 6 — Past Speculation

Task 9 — Complete the Sentences

1. She didn't answer the phone. She might asleep.
2. He wasn't at work yesterday. He could sick.
3. They arrived late. They must stuck in traffic.
4. She looked upset. She might received some bad news.
5. He wasn't at the party. He could forgotten about it.
6. That can't been the reason.
7. They looked exhausted. They must been working all night.

Task 10 — What Happened?

Look at each situation and speculate. Give three possible explanations.

1. Your friend arrived at work two hours late and looked exhausted.
2. Your colleague received a message and suddenly started crying.
3. Someone's phone keeps ringing, but they don't answer.
4. Your neighbor's car isn't outside, but the lights in their house are on.
5. Your friend bought flowers and is acting unusually happy.

Part 7 — Feelings in Context

Task 11 — Choose the Best Feeling

1. You studied for weeks but failed the exam.
relieved / disappointed / excited →
2. You thought you had lost your wallet, but you found it.
relieved / embarrassed / annoyed →
3. You have to give a presentation tomorrow.
nervous / relaxed / disappointed →
4. Your friend surprises you with a birthday party.
shocked / surprised / frustrated →
5. Your computer stops working five minutes before an important deadline.
frustrated / excited / relieved →
6. You accidentally call your teacher "Mom."
embarrassed / confident / thrilled →

Task 12 — Adjective + Situation

Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

I feel relieved when .
I get frustrated when .
I feel embarrassed when .
I get annoyed when .
I feel excited when .
I become concerned when .
I feel disappointed when .
I get nervous when .

Part 8 — Feelings vs. Causes

Task 13 — Match

She was relieved
He was frustrated
They were disappointed
I was embarrassed
She was nervous
He was concerned
We were shocked
She was excited

a. because she had an important interview

b. because her favorite team lost

c. because the problem was finally solved

d. because his computer wouldn't work

e. because her friend was sick

f. because she made a mistake in front of everyone

g. because they heard some unexpected news

h. because they were going on vacation

Part 9 — Critical Thinking

Task 14 — Don't Jump to Conclusions

Read each situation and answer: What might be happening? What must/can't be true? How would you react?

Situation 1 — Your friend sees your message but doesn't reply for two days.

Situation 2 — Your colleague suddenly stops talking to you.

Situation 3 — Someone you know posts a very emotional message online.

Situation 4 — A usually cheerful person seems unusually quiet.

Unit 12 — News Events · Simple Past Passive · Extreme Weather · Natural Disasters

Touchstone 3

A powerful storm hit the coast last weekend, causing serious damage to several towns.

More than 200 homes were damaged, and several roads were blocked by fallen trees. Electricity was cut off in some areas, and hundreds of families were evacuated from their homes.

According to local officials, emergency teams were sent to the worst-affected areas. Food, water, and medical supplies were delivered to people who needed help.

Several schools were closed because the buildings were damaged, and public transportation was suspended for two days.

Fortunately, no deaths were reported, although several people were injured. The storm was followed by heavy rain, which caused flooding in some low-lying areas.

Experts said that residents were warned about the approaching storm several hours before it arrived. People were advised to stay indoors and avoid unnecessary travel.

The storm eventually moved away from the coast, but emergency workers continued to help residents for several days. The damage was estimated at millions of dollars.

Part 2 — Extreme Weather Vocabulary

Task 1 — Match the Words

heat wave
drought
thunderstorm
hurricane
tornado
blizzard
flood
hailstorm
strong winds
heavy rainfall
lightning
freezing temperatures

a. a long period with very little or no rain

b. a period of unusually hot weather

c. a storm with thunder, lightning, and heavy rain

d. a powerful tropical storm with extremely strong winds

e. a rapidly rotating column of air extending toward the ground

f. a severe snowstorm with strong winds

g. water covering land that is normally dry

h. a storm in which pieces of ice fall from the sky

i. very powerful moving air

j. a large amount of rain in a short period

k. a bright electrical flash during a storm

l. temperatures at or below freezing

Task 2 — Complete the Sentences

1. The city experienced a severe , with temperatures above 40°C for several days.
2. Several villages were evacuated after a major .
3. A powerful destroyed buildings and damaged electricity lines.
4. Roads were closed because of a heavy .
5. Farmers suffered because of a long .
6. Several trees were knocked down by .
7. The storm produced intense and lightning.
8. Flights were canceled because of a severe .

Part 3 — Natural Disasters

Task 3 — Match

earthquake
tsunami
volcanic eruption
landslide
wildfire
avalanche
flood
hurricane

a. a large mass of snow moving rapidly down a mountain

b. a large destructive fire that spreads through forests or dry areas

c. a sudden movement of the Earth's surface

d. a huge ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake

e. hot rock, ash, and gases released from a volcano

f. earth and rocks suddenly moving down a slope

g. a large amount of water covering normally dry land

h. a powerful tropical storm

Task 4 — Which Disaster?

1. The ground suddenly shook, buildings moved, and windows broke.
2. A huge wave reached the coast after an underwater earthquake.
3. Fire spread rapidly through a dry forest.
4. Rocks and soil moved down a mountain after days of heavy rain.
5. A volcano released ash and hot gases into the air.
6. A huge amount of snow suddenly moved down the mountain.

Part 4 — Simple Past Passive

Task 5 — Complete the Passive

1. Several houses (damage) by the storm.
2. Hundreds of people (evacuate) from the area.
3. Three roads (close) because of flooding.
4. Emergency supplies (deliver) to local residents.
5. Several buildings (destroy) by the earthquake.
6. The airport (close) for six hours.
7. Many trees (knock down) by strong winds.
8. No serious injuries (report).

Task 6 — Active → Passive

1. Heavy rain flooded several streets.
2. The earthquake destroyed many buildings.
3. Emergency workers evacuated hundreds of residents.
4. Strong winds knocked down dozens of trees.
5. The government sent emergency supplies.
6. Firefighters rescued several people.
7. The storm damaged the airport.
8. Volunteers provided food and water.

Part 5 — Passive with by + Agent

Task 7 — Add the Agent

Complete with an appropriate by + agent phrase.

1. Several homes were destroyed .
2. The residents were evacuated .
3. Emergency supplies were delivered .
4. The injured people were treated .
5. The roads were cleared .
6. The fire was finally controlled .

Possible agents: firefighters · emergency workers · the storm · volunteers · local authorities · rescue teams

Task 8 — Do We Need "By"?

Decide whether the by + agent is useful or unnecessary.

1. Several houses were destroyed by the hurricane.
2. The roads were closed by the authorities.
3. Three people were injured by falling objects.
4. Emergency supplies were delivered by volunteers.
5. The airport was closed.
6. Several trees were knocked down.
7. Residents were evacuated by emergency workers.

Then explain why by + agent is sometimes omitted.

Part 6 — 📖 Reading: When the River Rose

Heavy rainfall caused serious flooding in several parts of the country last week. Thousands of homes were affected, and hundreds of people were forced to leave their homes.

The rain continued for almost three days. As the water level rose, several roads were closed, and public transportation was suspended in many areas.

Emergency shelters were opened in schools and community centers. Food, drinking water, blankets, and medical supplies were delivered to the shelters by volunteers and emergency organizations.

Rescue teams were sent to areas that were particularly badly affected. Several people were rescued from flooded buildings, and elderly residents were taken to safer locations.

Fortunately, most residents were warned about the danger before the situation became critical. Local authorities advised people to avoid driving through flooded roads because vehicles were easily swept away by the fast-moving water.

After three days, the rain finally stopped. The water slowly went down, but a large amount of damage was left behind. Roads were damaged, businesses were closed, and electricity was interrupted in several neighborhoods.

A recovery operation was started immediately. The affected areas were inspected, damaged roads were repaired, and financial assistance was provided to some families.

Although the flooding caused serious problems, the response showed how important emergency planning can be. When communities are prepared, lives can be protected and damage can sometimes be reduced.

Task 9 — Main Idea

A. Flooding is impossible to predict.

B. A serious flood caused major damage, but emergency services helped protect residents and begin recovery.

C. Volunteers were responsible for the flooding.

D. The flooding lasted for several months.

Answer:

Task 10 — True / False / Not Given

1. The heavy rain lasted for almost three days.
2. Thousands of homes were affected.
3. All residents were forced to leave their homes.
4. Emergency shelters were opened.
5. Food and medical supplies were delivered.
6. No one was rescued from flooded buildings.
7. People were warned about the danger.
8. The damage was repaired immediately.

Task 11 — Answer

1. What caused the flooding?
2. What happened to the roads?
3. Where were emergency shelters opened?
4. Who delivered supplies?
5. Why were people advised not to drive through flooded roads?
6. What happened after the rain stopped?
7. What was done during the recovery operation?
8. What lesson does the article emphasize?

Part 7 — Passive Voice in a News Report

Task 12 — Complete the News Report

Use the verbs in brackets in the simple past passive.

A powerful earthquake (report) in the region early yesterday morning.

Several buildings (damage), and two roads (close) because of falling rocks.

Hundreds of residents (evacuate) from the most dangerous areas. Emergency shelters (open) in three schools.

Food and water (provide) to affected families, and injured people (take) to local hospitals.

The area (visit) by emergency officials later in the day, and further safety measures (announce).

Part 8 — Find & Correct

Task 13 — Correct the Errors

1. Many houses was damaged by the storm. →
2. Several people were injured by falling tree. →
3. The roads were close because of flooding. →
4. Emergency supplies was delivered. →
5. Hundreds of residents were evacuate. →
6. The airport was closed by the storm. →
7. Several buildings were destroy. →
8. The victims were helped from volunteers. →

Part 9 — News Headlines

Task 14 — Turn Headlines into News Sentences

Turn each headline into a complete sentence using the simple past passive.

1. FLOOD — THREE ROADS — CLOSE
2. HURRICANE — HUNDREDS — EVACUATE
3. WILDFIRE — 2,000 HECTARES — DESTROY
4. EARTHQUAKE — 50 PEOPLE — INJURE
5. BLIZZARD — FLIGHTS — CANCEL
6. TORNADO — SEVERAL BUILDINGS — DAMAGE
7. VOLCANO — LOCAL AREA — EVACUATE
Touchstone 3 • Units 1–12

Grammar Drill Pack

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