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Personal Qualities · Touchstone 3
Good morning, everyone.
When we talk about someone's personality, we often focus on whether they are outgoing, quiet, friendly, or serious. But I think a person's behavior tells us much more about who they really are.
For example, someone can be very confident and outgoing, but that doesn't necessarily mean they are a good person. A confident person who is arrogant may make other people feel uncomfortable. On the other hand, someone who is quiet can still be extremely thoughtful and considerate.
I really admire people who are reliable. If they say they will do something, they actually do it. I also appreciate people who are patient, especially when things don't go according to plan. Nobody is perfect, of course, and we all have moments when we become impatient or selfish.
Another quality I value is being open-minded. An open-minded person is willing to listen to opinions that are different from their own. They don't immediately judge people simply because they behave differently.
I also think our behavior changes depending on the situation. Someone may be generous with their friends but less generous with strangers. Someone may normally be calm but become aggressive when they are under a lot of pressure.
So, in my opinion, personality is not just about how we describe someone. We should also pay attention to how they treat other people, how they react to difficult situations, and whether their behavior is consistent over time.
a. willing to consider different ideas and opinions
b. believing you are better or more important than others
c. able to wait calmly without becoming annoyed
d. willing to give money, time, help, etc. to others
e. thinking about other people's needs and feelings
f. sure of yourself and your abilities
g. thinking mainly about your own needs and interests
h. someone who can be trusted to do what they promise
i. friendly and comfortable talking to other people
j. behaving in a forceful or hostile way
k. to form an opinion about someone, often too quickly
l. showing care by remembering what other people might need or want
confident · arrogant · thoughtful · considerate · reliable · patient · selfish · open-minded · generous · aggressive · outgoing
reliable · arrogant · patient · considerate · generous · open-minded · selfish · aggressive · confident · thoughtful
We often form opinions about people very quickly. When we meet someone for the first time, we may decide that they are friendly, confident, shy, or even arrogant after only a few minutes. But first impressions are not always accurate.
Imagine meeting someone at a party. They don't talk very much, avoid eye contact, and spend most of the evening listening to other people. You might describe them as shy or unfriendly. However, there may be another explanation. Perhaps they are simply tired, nervous, or uncomfortable in large groups. Their behavior in that particular situation doesn't necessarily represent their usual personality.
The same thing happens with positive qualities. A person who is extremely generous on one occasion isn't necessarily generous all the time. Similarly, someone who behaves selfishly once doesn't automatically have a selfish personality. People sometimes behave differently because of stress, pressure, or their personal circumstances.
This is why reliability is such an important personal quality. If someone consistently keeps their promises, helps others, and takes responsibility for their actions, we have stronger evidence that they are reliable. Personality becomes easier to understand when we observe someone's behavior over a longer period.
Another important quality is being open-minded. Open-minded people don't assume that their own way of thinking is the only correct one. They listen to different opinions and are willing to change their minds when they receive convincing evidence.
Of course, being open-minded doesn't mean agreeing with everyone. A person can strongly disagree with an opinion while still being respectful and considerate toward the person expressing it.
In the end, perhaps the best way to understand someone's personality is to look at patterns rather than individual actions. One rude comment doesn't necessarily make someone rude, and one kind action doesn't necessarily make someone kind. Character is often revealed by what people repeatedly do, especially when nobody is watching.
A. People should avoid talking to strangers at parties.
B. People's personalities can be understood by observing consistent patterns of behavior over time.
C. First impressions are always useful when meeting new people.
D. Generous people are usually more reliable than other people.
Answer:
| 1. People often form opinions about others very quickly. | |
| 2. Someone who is quiet at a party is definitely shy. | |
| 3. Stress can affect the way people behave. | |
| 4. A single selfish action proves that someone is selfish. | |
| 5. Reliability becomes easier to judge when we observe someone's behavior over time. | |
| 6. Open-minded people agree with everyone. | |
| 7. Being respectful is possible even when you disagree with someone. | |
| 8. The writer believes first impressions are always accurate. |
Choose the two correct answers.
a. responsible
b. opinion
c. responsible
d. reliable
e. impression
f. confidently
g. outgoing
h. responsibility
keep · form · take · treat · behave · depend · express · show
Choose someone you know well. Describe their personality and behavior using at least 8 target words.
Include: What are they like? How do they behave with other people? What are their strongest personal qualities? Is there a quality they need to improve? Can you give an example that demonstrates their personality?
Model answer: My sister is very considerate. For example, whenever someone in the family is tired, she usually notices it before anyone else and offers to help.
Touchstone 3
When I travel, I don't like to follow a strict itinerary. I usually choose a destination, book my accommodation, and then decide what to do when I arrive. I think this gives me more flexibility and allows me to discover places that aren't mentioned in traditional guidebooks.
Before I leave, I usually do some research online. I read travel blogs, check reviews, and look at maps. I especially like reading about local attractions, restaurants, and neighborhoods. Travel bloggers often provide useful tips that you wouldn't find in a regular tourist guide.
I also try to avoid the most touristy areas. Of course, famous landmarks are worth seeing, but sometimes they are extremely crowded and expensive. I would rather explore a less crowded neighborhood, eat at a local restaurant, or visit a small market.
One thing I've learned is that you should always be prepared for unexpected situations. Flights can be delayed, luggage can get lost, and the weather can change suddenly. That's why I always have a backup plan.
For me, the best travel experiences happen when you leave some room for spontaneity. You might meet an interesting person, discover a beautiful street, or find a restaurant that wasn't in your original plan. Those unexpected moments are often the memories you remember most.
a. a famous place or building that is easy to recognize
b. a place where you stay while traveling
c. research or investigation done before making a decision
d. a place people travel to
e. full of people
f. the ability to change your plans easily
g. an activity or place that attracts visitors
h. connected with the people who live in a particular area
i. happening without a plan or preparation
j. popular with tourists, sometimes in an unpleasant way
k. a plan showing where and when you will travel
l. happening later than planned
destination · accommodation · itinerary · landmark · crowded · delayed · local · touristy · flexibility · attraction
Last summer, I traveled to a small coastal town that I'd never heard of before. It wasn't on my original travel itinerary. In fact, I had planned to spend my entire vacation in a much larger city. However, after reading several travel blogs, I became interested in this smaller destination.
According to the bloggers, the town had beautiful beaches, excellent seafood, and fewer tourists than the major cities nearby. They also recommended staying in a family-run guesthouse rather than a large hotel. I decided to take their advice and booked my accommodation two weeks before my trip.
The journey didn't start particularly well. My flight was delayed for several hours, and when I finally arrived, it was raining heavily. I was tired and disappointed. I had imagined myself walking along the beach in the sunshine, but instead I was sitting in a small café waiting for the rain to stop.
Then something unexpected happened. The woman sitting at the next table noticed my travel guide and started talking to me. She was a local resident and offered to recommend some places that weren't in my guidebook. She told me about a small fishing village about 20 minutes from the town.
The next morning, I followed her recommendation. The village was absolutely beautiful. There were no large hotels, souvenir shops, or huge crowds. Instead, there were small houses, fishing boats, and a quiet beach. I spent the entire day exploring the area.
Later that week, I realized that this was actually my favorite part of the trip. If I had followed my original itinerary exactly, I would never have discovered the village.
Since then, I've changed the way I travel. I still research my destinations and book my accommodation in advance, but I don't plan every hour of my trip. I now leave some space for spontaneity, because sometimes the best travel experiences are the ones you never planned.
A. Travel blogs are more reliable than guidebooks.
B. Unexpected experiences can make a trip more memorable.
C. Travelers should never make plans before traveling.
D. Small towns are always better than large cities.
Answer:
| 1. The writer originally planned to visit a different city. | |
| 2. The writer found the small town through travel blogs. | |
| 3. The writer stayed in a large international hotel. | |
| 4. The writer's flight arrived on time. | |
| 5. The writer met a local person in a café. | |
| 6. The local person recommended a fishing village. | |
| 7. The fishing village was very crowded. | |
| 8. The writer now plans every hour of every trip. |
Choose the two correct answers.
a. a flight
b. an itinerary
c. accommodation
d. a travel blog
e. a destination
f. a local neighborhood
g. touristy areas
h. a flight
i. a landmark
j. independently
Use the expressions from Task 8.
book · explore · recommend · discover · visit · plan · stay · research
I plan everything before I leave. I book every hotel, make a detailed itinerary, reserve restaurants, and decide exactly what I'll do each day.
I research the destination, but I don't make a detailed itinerary. I book my accommodation and transportation, then decide what to do when I arrive.
Natural Features · Touchstone 3
Whenever people ask me about my city, I never know whether to tell them about the best places or the places that need improvement. Every city has its advantages and disadvantages.
One of the things I like most about my city is its location. It's surrounded by beautiful natural features, including mountains, rivers, and large areas of green space. The scenery is especially spectacular in spring, when everything becomes green and colorful.
If you want to enjoy breathtaking views, you can go to the hills outside the city. From the top, you can see the entire city and the surrounding valley. It's one of my favorite places to relax because it's peaceful and far away from the traffic.
However, the city also has some disadvantages. The traffic congestion can be terrible during rush hour, and some parts of the city are extremely crowded. The air quality isn't always good either.
My country has an incredible variety of landscapes. There are mountain ranges, forests, deserts, beaches, and waterfalls. Some areas are dry and rocky, while others are covered in lush vegetation.
I think the most beautiful places aren't necessarily the most famous ones. Sometimes a quiet lake, a small village, or a forest path can be much more memorable than a famous tourist attraction. Beauty isn't always about being impressive. Sometimes it's about being peaceful.
a. a long area of land between mountains or hills
b. very beautiful or impressive
c. a series of connected mountains
d. very impressive or exciting to look at
e. a large amount of traffic causing slow movement
f. full of people
g. a place or part of the environment that exists naturally
h. the visible features of an area of land
i. green, healthy, and growing abundantly
j. water that falls from a height
k. calm and quiet
l. the natural view of an area
mountain · bridge · river · skyscraper · waterfall · lake · road · forest · beach · castle · valley · desert
breathtaking · spectacular · valley · waterfall · lush · peaceful · crowded · scenery · landscape · mountain range
Every country has places that its people are proud of, places that tourists love, and places that locals would rather avoid. My country is no different. What makes it particularly interesting, however, is the incredible variety of its landscapes.
In the north, there are enormous mountain ranges covered with snow for much of the year. The mountains attract hikers and nature lovers who come to enjoy the breathtaking scenery. In some areas, narrow paths lead to quiet valleys where you can hear nothing but birds and running water.
Further south, the landscape changes dramatically. There are dry, rocky areas and large deserts where temperatures can become extremely high. Although these places may not look as welcoming as green forests, they have their own unique beauty. The combination of unusual rock formations, open skies, and complete silence can be surprisingly spectacular.
There are also many forests, lakes, and rivers. In spring, some parts of the country become incredibly lush, with green hills and wildflowers covering the landscape. One of the most beautiful experiences is visiting a waterfall after heavy rain, when the water is powerful and the surrounding vegetation is bright green.
Of course, natural beauty isn't the only thing that makes a place enjoyable. Cities can offer excellent restaurants, museums, shopping centers, and cultural attractions. However, large cities also have their disadvantages. Traffic congestion, noise, pollution, and overcrowding can make daily life stressful.
In my opinion, the best place to live isn't necessarily the most beautiful place in the country. A city may have spectacular scenery but terrible traffic, while another city may be less attractive but offer a better quality of life.
Perhaps that's why I enjoy traveling within my own country. You can experience completely different environments without crossing a national border. You can spend the morning in the mountains, drive through a desert in the afternoon, and end the day beside a peaceful lake. That variety is what makes my country special.
A. Cities are better places to live than rural areas.
B. The country has a wide variety of natural landscapes and different advantages and disadvantages.
C. Tourists should only visit mountainous areas.
D. Deserts are the most beautiful places in the country.
Answer:
| 1. The northern mountains are covered with snow during part of the year. | |
| 2. The mountain areas are popular with hikers. | |
| 3. The southern part of the country is covered entirely by forests. | |
| 4. The writer believes deserts have no natural beauty. | |
| 5. Some areas become very green in spring. | |
| 6. Waterfalls can become more powerful after heavy rain. | |
| 7. Cities have no advantages. | |
| 8. The writer believes the most beautiful city is necessarily the best place to live. | |
| 9. The country has many different types of natural environments. |
Let, Make, Help, Have, Get, Want, Ask & Tell · Touchstone 3
Every family has its own way of doing things. Some parents are very strict, while others are more relaxed. Some children have a lot of freedom, while others have to follow many rules.
When I was growing up, my parents didn't let me stay out late on school nights. They made me finish my homework before I could watch TV. At the time, I thought they were being too strict, but now I understand why they had those rules.
My parents also helped me become more independent. They didn't do everything for me. Instead, they made me learn how to solve problems myself and asked me to take responsibility for my decisions.
My mother would often tell me to be careful, while my father would ask me to help around the house. Sometimes they had me clean my room or got me to help with dinner.
As a teenager, I sometimes wanted more freedom. I wanted my parents to let me make my own decisions, but they didn't always agree. They wanted me to understand that freedom also comes with responsibility.
Looking back, I think the most important thing parents can do is help their children become independent while still giving them support. Families don't have to agree about everything, but they should be able to communicate and respect each other's needs.
a. someone to do something
b. someone do something
c. someone do something
d. someone do / to do something
e. someone to do something
f. someone to do something
g. someone to do something
h. someone to do something
Challenge: Two verbs can have more than one possible structure. Identify them.
Families change over time. The way parents raise their children today can be very different from the way they were raised themselves. However, many of the basic challenges of family life remain the same.
When I was a child, my parents were fairly strict. They had a clear set of rules, and they expected me to follow them. For example, they didn't let me use the computer until I had finished my homework. They also made me help around the house.
At first, I didn't understand why I had so many responsibilities. I wanted my parents to give me more freedom. However, they explained that they weren't trying to punish me. They wanted to teach me how to be responsible and independent.
My mother often asked me to help with cooking and cleaning. My father usually told me to be careful when I was outside with my friends. If I made a mistake, they didn't always solve the problem for me. Instead, they sometimes had me find the solution myself.
One thing they did especially well was helping me become more confident. They didn't make every decision for me. When I had a problem, they would help me think about possible solutions rather than simply telling me what to do.
As I got older, my parents gradually gave me more freedom. They let me make my own decisions, but they also made it clear that I had to accept the consequences of those decisions.
Looking back, I realize that good parenting isn't about controlling every part of a child's life. It's about knowing when to make a child follow a rule, when to let them make their own choices, and when to help them find their own way.
A. Children should never have rules.
B. Parents should always be strict with their children.
C. Good parenting involves balancing rules, freedom, and independence.
D. Parents should solve all of their children's problems.
Answer:
| 1. The writer's parents were fairly strict. | |
| 2. The writer could use the computer whenever they wanted. | |
| 3. The writer had responsibilities at home. | |
| 4. The writer initially wanted more freedom. | |
| 5. The parents wanted to punish the writer. | |
| 6. The writer's mother asked for help with household activities. | |
| 7. The father always solved the writer's problems. | |
| 8. The parents gradually gave the writer more freedom. | |
| 9. The writer believes children should make every decision themselves. |
let · make · help · have · get · want · ask · tell
Use the word in parentheses.
responsibility · freedom · rules · chores · permission · decisions · consequences · support
a. responsibility
b. rules
c. a decision
d. consequences
e. support
f. freedom
g. rules
h. someone do something
Containers & Quantities · Touchstone 3
People have very different eating habits. Some people eat three large meals a day, while others prefer several smaller meals. Some people eat mostly at home, whereas others often eat out.
Personally, I try to have a balanced diet. I usually eat a bowl of yogurt or oatmeal for breakfast, along with a piece of fruit. I also try to drink a glass of water as soon as I wake up.
For lunch, I normally have a plate of rice or pasta with some vegetables and a source of protein. I don't need a huge amount of food. In fact, I feel better when I eat a small portion rather than a very large meal.
I try to eat a few pieces of fruit every day and a little cheese or yogurt. I don't eat too much sugar, and I try not to drink too many sugary drinks.
Of course, I don't follow these habits perfectly. Sometimes I buy a bag of chips or have a slice of cake. I think it's fine to enjoy unhealthy food occasionally. The important thing is not to eat too much of it.
I also think people should pay attention to portion sizes. You don't necessarily have to stop eating your favorite foods. Sometimes simply eating a smaller amount is enough to make your diet more balanced.
a. bread
b. cereal
c. chocolate
d. juice
e. soup
f. chips
g. yogurt
h. cake
i. pizza
j. milk
k. jam
l. soda
Many people want to improve their eating habits, but they think they need to completely change their diet. In reality, small changes can make a big difference.
One useful strategy is to pay attention to portion sizes. People sometimes eat much more than they actually need simply because they serve themselves large portions. Instead of putting a huge amount of food on your plate, try starting with a smaller portion. You can always have more if you're still hungry.
Another useful habit is to eat more fruit and vegetables. You don't have to eat an enormous salad every day. You could simply add a piece of fruit to your breakfast or have a bowl of vegetables with lunch.
Drinks are also important. Some people consume too much sugar without realizing it because they drink several cans of soda or sweetened coffee every day. Replacing some of these drinks with water can significantly reduce sugar consumption.
Snacks can be a problem, too. It's easy to eat too many cookies or a whole bag of chips while watching television. One solution is to put a small amount of food into a bowl instead of eating directly from the package. This makes it easier to control how much you eat.
Another important point is that healthy eating doesn't mean avoiding all your favorite foods. You can still have a slice of cake or a bar of chocolate occasionally. The key is balance. If most of your meals contain nutritious foods and reasonable portions, there's usually room for less healthy choices as well.
Finally, it's important to remember that eating habits are personal. A diet that works well for one person may not work for another. The goal isn't to follow a perfect diet. It's to develop habits that are realistic and sustainable in your everyday life.
A. People should completely avoid unhealthy food.
B. Healthy eating requires expensive food.
C. Small, realistic changes can improve eating habits.
D. Everyone should follow exactly the same diet.
Answer:
| 1. The writer believes people need to completely change their diets. | |
| 2. Paying attention to portion sizes can be helpful. | |
| 3. The writer recommends eating enormous salads every day. | |
| 4. Sugary drinks can contribute to high sugar consumption. | |
| 5. Eating directly from a package can make portion control more difficult. | |
| 6. The writer says people should never eat cake. | |
| 7. The writer believes everyone's ideal diet is the same. | |
| 8. The writer considers realistic habits important. |
a little · a few · very little · very few · too much · too many · enough
skips breakfast
drinks three cans of soda every day
eats very large portions
rarely eats vegetables
snacks on chips and chocolate
eats breakfast
drinks mostly water
eats moderate portions
eats several servings of vegetables
occasionally eats cake or chocolate
Imagine you're giving someone a tour of your kitchen. Describe what you have and how much you have.
You must use at least: 3 container expressions, 3 quantity expressions, 2 countable nouns, 2 uncountable nouns.
Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words about your eating habits.
Include: your typical day, quantities (at least 8), containers (at least 6).
Touchstone 3
I have a lot going on over the next few months, so I've already started organizing my schedule. This weekend, I'm going to visit my cousin because we haven't seen each other for a while. We're meeting at a café on Saturday afternoon, so that's already arranged.
I also have a few things that I haven't organized yet. I will probably spend more time studying next month because I have an important exam coming up. I'm also going to start exercising more regularly. I've already decided that I need to make some changes to my daily routine.
Some things are already fixed. My English course starts on September 5th, and the first class ends at 7 p.m. The train leaves at 8:30, so I need to leave home early.
I don't know exactly what I'll do after the course. Maybe I'll travel somewhere, or perhaps I'll stay home and relax. I'll decide later.
One thing I know for sure is that I'm going to make an effort to manage my time better. I have to do some work, make some decisions, and do my best not to become overwhelmed.
Planning doesn't mean knowing exactly what will happen. Sometimes you have a plan, but unexpected things happen. That's why I like to organize the important things while leaving some room for change.
a. try as hard as possible
b. perform physical activity
c. create a plan
d. choose what to do
e. work on a task
f. improve or move forward
g. perform household cleaning
h. try hard to achieve something
i. produce an incorrect result
j. complete schoolwork
Use make or do.
Write: P = prediction, I = intention/plan, A = arrangement, S = schedule, D = decision made now
Modern life can feel extremely busy. Between work, education, family, friends, and personal responsibilities, it isn't always easy to organize your time. Having a clear plan can help, but trying to control every minute of your life can also create unnecessary stress.
One useful approach is to divide your plans into different categories. Some events are already scheduled. For example, a train leaves at 8:00, a class starts at 6:00, or a conference takes place on Friday. These events are usually expressed using the simple present because they are part of a fixed timetable.
Other plans are personal intentions. You might decide that you're going to exercise more, learn a new skill, or save money. These plans may be quite serious, but they aren't necessarily arranged with other people yet.
Then there are arrangements. If you've agreed to meet a friend tomorrow at 7:00, you can say, "I'm meeting my friend tomorrow." The arrangement has already been made.
Finally, we often use will for decisions made at the moment or predictions about the future. If your friend says, "I'm really tired," you might immediately say, "I'll help you." You didn't plan this earlier; you decided to help when you heard the situation.
Good planning also requires flexibility. You can make a plan, but you can't always control what happens. You may make a mistake, change your mind, or have to do some extra work. The goal isn't to have a perfect schedule. It's to make reasonable plans and adjust them when necessary.
A. Everyone should organize every minute of their day.
B. Different future forms express different kinds of plans, arrangements, schedules, and predictions.
C. Future plans always change.
D. Simple present is the only useful future form.
Answer:
| 1. Fixed schedules can use the simple present. | |
| 2. "Going to" can express personal intentions. | |
| 3. Present continuous can describe arranged plans. | |
| 4. "Will" is only used for scheduled events. | |
| 5. Good planning requires some flexibility. | |
| 6. The writer believes mistakes should never happen. |
Use make or do.
Before starting a new project, I like to a plan. Then I some research and a list of things I need to accomplish. During the project, I try to my best and steady progress. Of course, I sometimes mistakes, but I try to learn from them.
Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words. Describe your plans for the next three months.
Future forms: will (2), be going to (3), present continuous (2), simple present for schedules (2).
Make / Do: at least 6 expressions.
Final Challenge: Explain why you chose each future form in two of your sentences.
Touchstone 3
I have a fairly small circle of friends, but I'm close to most of them. There's Sara, who I met at university, and Amir, who has been my friend for almost ten years. I also have a few friends that I met through work.
Sara is the kind of person who always knows how to make people laugh. Amir is someone who I can always depend on. He's the friend that I call when I have a problem.
I think friendships change as people get older. Some friends drift apart because they move to different cities or become busy with work. Others stay in touch even when they don't see each other very often.
Dating can be complicated for the same reason. You might get along with someone very well at first, but then discover that you have different expectations. Sometimes two people hit it off immediately. Other times, they need more time to get to know each other.
If a relationship becomes serious, people might go out with each other for a long time before deciding whether they want to take the next step. Some couples eventually break up, while others stay together and build a life together.
I think the most important thing in any relationship is having someone who respects you, communicates honestly, and supports you when things become difficult.
a. to start dating someone
b. to have a good relationship with someone
c. to stop being in a romantic relationship
d. to remain in contact
e. to gradually become less close
f. to have an immediate good connection
g. to continue being a couple
h. to become attracted to or fall in love with someone
i. to invite someone on a date
j. to restart a romantic relationship after separating
Use a relative clause.
Most of us have different kinds of relationships in our lives. We have family members, colleagues, classmates, neighbors, and friends. However, our closest friends are usually people who share some of our values and interests.
My best friend is someone who I met when I was sixteen. At first, we didn't have much in common. She was very outgoing, while I was quite quiet. However, we gradually discovered that we shared the same sense of humor. She's the kind of person who can make me laugh even when I'm having a terrible day.
As we got older, our lives became busier. She moved to another city, and I started working full-time. For a while, we drifted apart. We didn't have any serious disagreement; we simply didn't have as much time to talk.
Eventually, we realized how much we missed our friendship. We started to stay in touch regularly, and our relationship became close again.
Dating relationships can develop in similar ways. Sometimes you meet someone who you immediately get along with, and you hit it off from the beginning. In other cases, attraction develops slowly.
The early stages of dating can be exciting, but relationships also require communication. Two people may get along well but still discover that they want different things. If they can't solve their problems, they may eventually break up.
On the other hand, couples who communicate honestly are often better able to deal with disagreements. A healthy relationship doesn't mean that two people never argue. It means they can discuss their problems, respect each other's boundaries, and find ways to move forward.
Whether we're talking about friendship or dating, strong relationships usually require time, trust, communication, and effort.
A. Dating is more important than friendship.
B. Strong relationships require communication, trust, and effort.
C. People should only have a small number of friends.
D. Relationships should never involve disagreements.
Answer:
| 1. The writer met their best friend at university. | |
| 2. The two friends initially had different personalities. | |
| 3. They shared a sense of humor. | |
| 4. They had a serious argument when they became distant. | |
| 5. They eventually started communicating more regularly. | |
| 6. All couples immediately hit it off. | |
| 7. Communication can help couples deal with disagreements. | |
| 8. Healthy couples never argue. |
Use: asked her out · hit it off · went out with · fell for · broke up · got back together · stayed together
Tom met Lisa at a friend's party. They immediately and talked for hours. A few days later, Tom . They started each other and eventually he her.
They dated for two years, but unfortunately they . After several months apart, they and decided to give their relationship another chance. They've now been for five years.
Use a relative clause and an appropriate phrasal verb.
Use: close · mutual · social · childhood · long-term · common · trusted · inner
Choose five and use them in sentences.
Talk about three people in your circle. For each person, explain: Who are they? How did you meet? How long have you known them? What do you have in common? Why do you get along? What kind of person are they?
You must use at least 4 relative clauses.
Choose an appropriate phrasal verb for each situation. Use the phrasal verb in a complete sentence.
Touchstone 3
Sometimes I think about what I would change if I could change one thing about my life. If I had more free time, I would travel more often. I would love to visit places that I've never seen before.
There are also things that I wish were different right now. I wish I lived closer to my friends because we don't see each other very often. I also wish I had more time to read.
Of course, I know that some things aren't realistic. If I won the lottery, I would probably travel around the world for a year. I would buy a beautiful house somewhere peaceful and invite all my closest friends to stay with me.
Sometimes I wish I could change things that are outside my control. I wish I could speak every language in the world. I wish I could remember everything I read.
But imaginary situations can also help us understand what we really want. If money weren't a problem, what would you do? If you could live anywhere, where would you live? Questions like these can reveal our priorities and dreams.
a. something you strongly want to achieve
b. something that cannot happen or be done
c. something you consider more important than other things
d. existing only in your imagination
e. a chance to do something
f. possible and practical
g. something you wish you had done differently
h. perfect or most desirable
It's natural to imagine how our lives could be different. Most people have things they wish they could change, as well as dreams about the future.
For example, someone might wish they had more free time. They may have a demanding job and several responsibilities, so they don't have enough time for their hobbies. They might say, "I wish I had more time to myself."
Other people imagine completely different lives. If they could live anywhere, they might choose a small town near the sea. If they didn't have to worry about money, they might travel around the world.
Imaginary situations can also help people think about their priorities. If you suddenly had a year without work or school, what would you do? Would you travel? Learn something new? Spend more time with your family?
However, there is a difference between having an imaginary dream and making a realistic plan. Saying "I wish I could speak five languages" is different from deciding to study a new language for thirty minutes every day.
Wishes can therefore be useful. They show us what we want, while realistic plans help us decide what we can actually do about it.
A. People should stop imagining different lives.
B. Wishes and imaginary situations can reveal what people want and help them make realistic plans.
C. Everyone should travel around the world.
D. Money is the most important factor in happiness.
Answer:
| 1. Most people have things they would like to change. | |
| 2. The reading says everyone wants to travel. | |
| 3. Imaginary situations can reveal people's priorities. | |
| 4. A wish and a realistic plan are exactly the same. | |
| 5. Wishes can help people identify what they want. |
Complete with your own ideas.
Speak for 3–4 minutes or write 200–250 words. Imagine you could redesign your life.
Requirements: I wish + past (3), I wish + could (1), If + past, would (4), If + could (1).
Final Challenge: Finish with "But if I had to choose just one change, I would..."
Touchstone 3
Technology makes our lives easier, but it can also create a lot of frustration. We've all experienced situations where a device suddenly stops working.
Yesterday, my laptop wouldn't turn on. I wasn't sure what the problem was, so I checked the charger first. I also wanted to know whether the battery was working.
I tried to turn the computer on, but nothing happened. Then I plugged it in and waited for a few minutes. I wondered why it wasn't charging.
Eventually, I turned it off completely and turned it back on. Fortunately, it worked. I still don't know what caused the problem, but at least I didn't have to take it to a repair shop.
Technology problems are especially annoying when you don't know how to fix them. Sometimes you need to find out where you can get help or ask someone whether they know what to do.
I've learned that the best thing to do is stay calm. Before calling technical support, I usually check whether the device is plugged in, restart it, and make sure that I haven't accidentally turned something off.
a. a secret word used to access something
b. a machine such as a phone or laptop
c. a source of electrical power for a device
d. the part of a computer used for typing
e. help with technical problems
f. a system or program used by a computer
g. the part you look at
h. the ability to connect to the internet or another system
i. a change that improves or fixes software
j. something that stores electrical energy
a. connect a device to electricity
b. stop a computer completely
c. increase volume
d. disconnect from electricity
e. start a device
f. decrease volume
g. search for information
h. prepare/install something for use
i. move down a webpage
j. enter an account
k. stop a device
l. leave an account
Most of us depend heavily on our electronic devices. We use our phones to communicate, work, study, shop, navigate, and entertain ourselves. As a result, technical problems can seriously disrupt our daily routines.
Last week, my phone suddenly stopped connecting to the internet. I didn't know why it wasn't working, so I checked the settings. I wondered whether I had accidentally turned off the mobile connection.
Everything looked normal. I asked a friend if she knew what the problem was, but she wasn't sure either.
I decided to restart the phone. I turned it off and turned it back on, but the problem continued. Then I checked whether I had enough data and whether my account was active.
Finally, I discovered that there was a software update available. I wasn't sure how to install it, but I followed the instructions and completed the update. After that, the internet connection worked normally again.
The experience made me realize how dependent I am on my phone. I couldn't easily find directions, check messages, or contact people. It was frustrating, but it also reminded me that knowing how to solve basic technical problems can save time and money.
A. Smartphones are unnecessary.
B. Basic technical knowledge can help people solve everyday technology problems.
C. Software updates always cause problems.
D. People should never depend on phones.
Answer:
| 1. The writer's phone couldn't connect to the internet. | |
| 2. The writer immediately knew what the problem was. | |
| 3. Restarting the phone solved the problem. | |
| 4. A software update was available. | |
| 5. The writer had difficulty installing the update. | |
| 6. The experience made the writer think about their dependence on technology. |
Give advice for each problem. Use at least one phrasal verb in every answer.
Imagine your electronic device isn't working. Explain the problem to a technical support worker.
Requirements: describe the problem, explain what you have already tried, ask 3 embedded questions, give possible explanations, explain what you will try next.
Use at least 5 technology phrasal verbs and 5 questions within sentences.
Touchstone 3
Have you heard the latest news? There's been a lot happening recently.
A new movie has become extremely popular. It has been attracting huge audiences since it was released last month. Critics have praised the performances, and thousands of people have been talking about it online.
The city has also announced a new transportation project. Officials have been working on the plan for several months, and they say construction will begin in two weeks.
Meanwhile, scientists have discovered new information about the environment. They have been studying the issue since last year.
I find it interesting how quickly news spreads. Something can happen in the morning, and in a few hours, millions of people may already know about it.
Personally, I like keeping up with the news, but I don't spend hours reading it. I usually check a few reliable sources once or twice a day.
a. a person who reports news
b. information about something that happened
c. the title of a news story
d. information that has just happened and is important
e. a person or organization that provides information
f. information officially given to the public
g. people watching/listening to something
h. an important happening
i. the way a news organization reports something
j. when a movie, product, etc. becomes available
A major environmental project has been attracting attention over the past year. Scientists and local organizations have been working together to protect a large natural area.
The project has already received financial support from several organizations, and researchers have collected a large amount of data. They have been studying the area since early last year.
According to recent reports, the researchers have discovered several species that were previously unknown in the region. They have been monitoring the area for more than a year, and their work has already produced interesting results.
The project has also attracted attention from the media. Several journalists have visited the area, and newspapers have published articles about the research.
However, the project isn't finished yet. Scientists are still working on several parts of the research. They hope to publish a complete report in the next few months.
The story shows how scientific discoveries often take time. Important results don't always appear immediately. Researchers may have to work for years before they have enough evidence to reach a conclusion.
A. Scientists can complete environmental research very quickly.
B. An environmental project has been progressing gradually and producing interesting results.
C. The media has stopped covering the project.
D. The researchers have finished everything.
Answer:
| 1. The project has been attracting attention for a year. | |
| 2. Researchers began studying the area last month. | |
| 3. They have discovered previously unknown species. | |
| 4. The project has received financial support. | |
| 5. The researchers have finished their work. | |
| 6. A complete report is expected in the future. |
a. a film involving magical or imaginary worlds
b. a serious story about people's lives and problems
c. a funny film
d. a film designed to frighten people
e. a film about relationships and love
f. a film based on real people/events or information
g. a film involving exciting physical activity and danger
h. a film about future technology or space
i. a film using animated images
j. a suspenseful film designed to create excitement and tension
gripping · hilarious · moving · predictable · terrifying · thought-provoking · entertaining · visually stunning · disappointing · realistic
A new film (become) one of the biggest successes of the year. It (attract) audiences since its release three weeks ago.
Critics already (praise) the director, and thousands of people (talk) about the film online.
The director (work) on the project for more than five years, and she says she (want) to create something different.
The film will probably remain popular several more weeks.
Write 6 sentences about something that has happened recently. Include: 2 present perfect, 2 present perfect continuous, since, for, in.
Touchstone 3
Have you ever walked into a room and immediately realized that something was wrong? Sometimes we have to figure out what happened without having all the information.
Yesterday, I arrived at work and noticed that my colleague wasn't there. She is usually one of the first people to arrive, so I thought she must be sick. However, she could be stuck in traffic, or she might have forgotten that we had an early meeting.
Then I noticed that her desk was completely empty. Her computer wasn't there either. She can't be at her desk because she had taken everything with her.
A few minutes later, she called me. She sounded extremely relieved and explained that her car had broken down. She was frustrated because she had been waiting for help for almost an hour.
I felt surprised, but I was also concerned because I hadn't been able to contact her. She was embarrassed about being late, but there was nothing she could do.
We often make assumptions when we don't know the whole story. Someone who looks angry might actually be worried, and someone who seems quiet might be feeling nervous. That's why it's important not to jump to conclusions.
a. unhappy because something didn't happen as expected
b. unable to understand something clearly
c. feeling happy because a difficult situation is over
d. feeling anxious about something that may happen
e. feeling uncomfortable because you made a mistake
f. very surprised by something unexpected
g. irritated or slightly angry
h. unable to achieve something despite trying
i. feeling happy and enthusiastic about something
j. feeling that something may be wrong
k. feeling anxious or worried before an event
l. very surprised or upset by something unexpected
Use: must · might · could · can't
Choose: A. I'm quite sure B. It's possible C. I'm sure it's impossible
Imagine that you're waiting for a friend at a café. Your friend is twenty minutes late and hasn't answered your messages. What would you think?
You might immediately become annoyed. You might think that your friend has forgotten about the meeting or simply doesn't care. However, there could be many other explanations.
Your friend might be stuck in traffic. They could have left their phone at home. They might have had an emergency. In fact, if they normally arrive on time, there must be a good reason for their absence.
When we don't have enough information, our brains naturally try to create an explanation. This can sometimes lead us to make incorrect assumptions.
Imagine that a colleague walks into the office looking extremely serious. You might think they're angry with you. However, they could be worried about a family problem. They might have received some bad news. They could simply be tired.
The same thing happens with positive emotions. If someone is smiling, they might be happy, but they could also be trying to hide their nervousness.
Understanding this can improve our relationships. Instead of immediately deciding what someone is thinking or feeling, we can ask questions and consider different possibilities.
We can't always know exactly what another person is feeling. But we can avoid unnecessary misunderstandings by remembering that our first explanation might not be correct.
A. People are usually dishonest about their feelings.
B. We should avoid making assumptions about people's feelings without enough information.
C. Being late is always disrespectful.
D. People usually hide their emotions.
Answer:
| 1. The reading says people sometimes make assumptions when they don't have enough information. | |
| 2. A late friend must have forgotten about the meeting. | |
| 3. Someone might leave their phone at home. | |
| 4. A serious-looking colleague must be angry. | |
| 5. People can sometimes hide nervousness by smiling. | |
| 6. The writer believes we can always know what someone is feeling. | |
| 7. Asking questions can help prevent misunderstandings. |
Use must, might, could, or can't.
Situation A — Your friend isn't answering their phone.
Now explain which possibility is most likely.
Situation B — You arrive home and all the lights are on, but nobody answers the door.
Look at each situation and speculate. Give three possible explanations.
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
a. because she had an important interview
b. because her favorite team lost
c. because the problem was finally solved
d. because his computer wouldn't work
e. because her friend was sick
f. because she made a mistake in front of everyone
g. because they heard some unexpected news
h. because they were going on vacation
Read each situation and answer: What might be happening? What must/can't be true? How would you react?
Situation 1 — Your friend sees your message but doesn't reply for two days.
Situation 2 — Your colleague suddenly stops talking to you.
Situation 3 — Someone you know posts a very emotional message online.
Situation 4 — A usually cheerful person seems unusually quiet.
Touchstone 3
A powerful storm hit the coast last weekend, causing serious damage to several towns.
More than 200 homes were damaged, and several roads were blocked by fallen trees. Electricity was cut off in some areas, and hundreds of families were evacuated from their homes.
According to local officials, emergency teams were sent to the worst-affected areas. Food, water, and medical supplies were delivered to people who needed help.
Several schools were closed because the buildings were damaged, and public transportation was suspended for two days.
Fortunately, no deaths were reported, although several people were injured. The storm was followed by heavy rain, which caused flooding in some low-lying areas.
Experts said that residents were warned about the approaching storm several hours before it arrived. People were advised to stay indoors and avoid unnecessary travel.
The storm eventually moved away from the coast, but emergency workers continued to help residents for several days. The damage was estimated at millions of dollars.
a. a long period with very little or no rain
b. a period of unusually hot weather
c. a storm with thunder, lightning, and heavy rain
d. a powerful tropical storm with extremely strong winds
e. a rapidly rotating column of air extending toward the ground
f. a severe snowstorm with strong winds
g. water covering land that is normally dry
h. a storm in which pieces of ice fall from the sky
i. very powerful moving air
j. a large amount of rain in a short period
k. a bright electrical flash during a storm
l. temperatures at or below freezing
a. a large mass of snow moving rapidly down a mountain
b. a large destructive fire that spreads through forests or dry areas
c. a sudden movement of the Earth's surface
d. a huge ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake
e. hot rock, ash, and gases released from a volcano
f. earth and rocks suddenly moving down a slope
g. a large amount of water covering normally dry land
h. a powerful tropical storm
Complete with an appropriate by + agent phrase.
Possible agents: firefighters · emergency workers · the storm · volunteers · local authorities · rescue teams
Decide whether the by + agent is useful or unnecessary.
Then explain why by + agent is sometimes omitted.
Heavy rainfall caused serious flooding in several parts of the country last week. Thousands of homes were affected, and hundreds of people were forced to leave their homes.
The rain continued for almost three days. As the water level rose, several roads were closed, and public transportation was suspended in many areas.
Emergency shelters were opened in schools and community centers. Food, drinking water, blankets, and medical supplies were delivered to the shelters by volunteers and emergency organizations.
Rescue teams were sent to areas that were particularly badly affected. Several people were rescued from flooded buildings, and elderly residents were taken to safer locations.
Fortunately, most residents were warned about the danger before the situation became critical. Local authorities advised people to avoid driving through flooded roads because vehicles were easily swept away by the fast-moving water.
After three days, the rain finally stopped. The water slowly went down, but a large amount of damage was left behind. Roads were damaged, businesses were closed, and electricity was interrupted in several neighborhoods.
A recovery operation was started immediately. The affected areas were inspected, damaged roads were repaired, and financial assistance was provided to some families.
Although the flooding caused serious problems, the response showed how important emergency planning can be. When communities are prepared, lives can be protected and damage can sometimes be reduced.
A. Flooding is impossible to predict.
B. A serious flood caused major damage, but emergency services helped protect residents and begin recovery.
C. Volunteers were responsible for the flooding.
D. The flooding lasted for several months.
Answer:
| 1. The heavy rain lasted for almost three days. | |
| 2. Thousands of homes were affected. | |
| 3. All residents were forced to leave their homes. | |
| 4. Emergency shelters were opened. | |
| 5. Food and medical supplies were delivered. | |
| 6. No one was rescued from flooded buildings. | |
| 7. People were warned about the danger. | |
| 8. The damage was repaired immediately. |
Use the verbs in brackets in the simple past passive.
A powerful earthquake (report) in the region early yesterday morning.
Several buildings (damage), and two roads (close) because of falling rocks.
Hundreds of residents (evacuate) from the most dangerous areas. Emergency shelters (open) in three schools.
Food and water (provide) to affected families, and injured people (take) to local hospitals.
The area (visit) by emergency officials later in the day, and further safety measures (announce).
Turn each headline into a complete sentence using the simple past passive.
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